PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / PINOPHYTINA / CYCADOPSIDA / CYCADIDAE / CYCADALES / ZAMIACEAE / ZAMIOIDEAE / ENCEPHALARTEAE / ENCEPHALARTOS / HORRIDUS
Plant unbranched or more usually branched from the base with stems subterranean or partly exposed, up to about 30 cm tall, exceptionally up to 1 m tall, 20-30 cm diam., the crown with a small quantity of loose wool. Leaves several to many in a whorl, rigid, glaucous, glabrous, 0.5-1 m long including petiole up to about 13 cm long; rhachis much recurved in the apical third, with brown woolly pulvinus; leaflets rather widely spaced in lower half of leaf, closer in the upper half, reduced in size and entire towards base; median leaflets ovate to lanceolate in general outline, up to 10 cm long and 2.5 cm broad with pungent apex and 1-3 pungent lobes up to 4 cm prominent on lower margin and twisted out of the plane of the leaflet; nervation obscure. Cones solitary on short stout peduncles, with blackish or reddish-brown adpressed scurfy hairs over green surface. Male cones subcylindric narrowing gradually to base and apex, 20-40 cm long, 6-12 cm diam.; median scales broadly ovate, 3-4 cm long and 3-3.5 cm broad, with acute lateral ridges; bulla face projecting 8-10 mm beyond sporangial surface, smooth or slightly corrugated, upper facet humped and sometimes with obscure ridges, terminal facet concave, smooth, about 8 mm broad and 6 mm wide vertically. Female cones ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic in outline, 20-40 cm long, 15-20 cm diam., rarely smaller; median scales 4-5-6 cm long, 4-5 cm broad and 3-3.5 cm thick vertically, with lateral ridges extending into the incurved lateral lobes about 1 cm long; bulla face protruding 1.5-2 cm, rugose round base, upper facet with 1-2 or more ridges converging to the terminal facet otherwise fairly smooth, lower facet slightly protuberant, somewhat rugose, terminal facet more or less quadrangular, 1.5-2 cm broad, concave with slightly uneven surface and a narrow raised rim. Seed pale red or carmine, 3-3.5 cm long and about 2.5 cm diam., angled by compression, with fleshy beak. From: Dyer, RA; Verdoorn, IC. 1966. Zamiaceae. In: LE Codd, B De Winter & HB Rycroft (eds). Fl. S. Africa 1: 3-34. BRI & Nat. Bot. Gdns, Pretoria & Cape Town. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209551#page/1/mode/1up] [CC BY]
Plant dioecious, palm-like. Stem aerial or decumbent, 0.5-2.0 m tall, unbranched or branched from base, covered by alternating series of woody bracts and persistent, swollen, truncated leaf bases. Leaves petiolate, pinnate with rachis recurved; median leaflets lobed, pungent-pointed, margins not markedly thickened; reduced in size towards base of rachis. Cones Feb.-Nov., appear sessile, reddish green. Male cones 1 or 2, oblanceoloid. Female cone 1, cylindric to ovoid, broader than male. From: Hurter, PJH. 2019. Zamiaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 164-168. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Dioecious stemless or short, single-stemmed tree to 1 m. Leaves pinnate, glaucous, leaflets distant below, ovate to lanceolate, lobed and sharply toothed, pungent. Female cones bluish green, to 40 cm. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Gymnosperms. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 47-49. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Stony hillsides in full sun, rainfall throughout the year. From: Hurter, PJH. 2019. Zamiaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 164-168. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Rocky grasslands, woodlands or karroid scrub. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Gymnosperms. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 47-49. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Local in the Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage districts of the eastern Cape. From: Dyer, RA; Verdoorn, IC. 1966. Zamiaceae. In: LE Codd, B De Winter & HB Rycroft (eds). Fl. S. Africa 1: 3-34. BRI & Nat. Bot. Gdns, Pretoria & Cape Town. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209551#page/1/mode/1up] [CC BY]
Uitenhage to Port Elizabeth. From: Hurter, PJH. 2019. Zamiaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 164-168. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Baviaanskloof Mtns to Port Elizabeth. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Gymnosperms. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 47-49. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
October to February
150 to 300 m
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
This is a sensitive species therefore data has been redacted, click here to login.
Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
| Common name | Language | Reference/barcode | Published as |
|---|---|---|---|
| blue cycad | English | Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Gymnosperms. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 47-49. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. |
Classification
KINGDOM Plantae
SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae
PHYLUM Pinophytina
CLASS Cycadopsida
SUBCLASS Cycadidae
ORDER Cycadales
FAMILY Zamiaceae
SUBFAMILY Zamioideae
TRIBE Encephalarteae
GENUS Encephalartos
SPECIES horridus
43 results for Encephalartos horridus (Jacq.) Lehm.
Barcode: NBG0115255-1 Collector(s) & number: Verdoorn, IC, 681 | 1947-4-5
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0056120-2 Collector(s) & number: Henderson, MR, 2022 | 1944-2-28
General notes: Seeds and scales from newly disintegrated cones. Hort Kirstenbosch. Female plant.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0002994-0 Collector(s) & number: Christian, HB, PRE 32891 | 1947-3-
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0193494-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 4440 | 1945-5-13
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0193487-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 5060 | 1948-12-5
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0002995-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 5818 | 1964-9-17
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0002996-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GG, 3 | 1945-5-
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0193489-0 Collector(s) & number: Henderson, MR, 2019 | 1944-1-31
General notes: Negative 135. Ex hort Kirstenbosch.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0002997-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 4439 | 1945-5-13
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0003080-0 Collector(s) & number: Wells, MJ, 3908 | 1968-5-16
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0016045-0 Collector(s) & number: Unknown, s.n. | 1916-7-
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0003079-0 Collector(s) & number: Wells, MJ, 2906 | 1964-11-19
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0193493-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 4439 | 1945-5-13
General notes: Stem below ground or mostly so; often suckering.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0268364-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GG, s.n. | 1948-7-28
General notes: Rich loamy soil, with Cape Sandstone Rocks. Male plant. Photo: Smith, G.G.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0003076-0 Collector(s) & number: Rodin, RJ, 4833 | 1948-6-23
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0268365-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GG, s.n. | 1948-7-28
General notes: Rich loamy soil, with Cape Sandstone Rocks. Female plant. Photo: Smith, G.G.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0665948-0 Collector(s) & number: de Villiers, PRE 64084 | --
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0115252-0 Collector(s) & number: Verdoorn, IC, 680 | 1947-4-5
General notes: In karroid scrub. In association with Strelitzia parvifolia var. juncea. Small colony, several plants with short stems.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0268363-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GG, s.n. | 1948-7-28
General notes: Rich loamy soil, with Cape Sandstone Rocks. Female cone immature. Male cone 10" long 3 1/8" diam. Photo: Smith, G.G.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0268685-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, s.n. | 1948-12-5
General notes: Photo: Dyer, R.A. No.189/2.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0056120-1 Collector(s) & number: Henderson, MR, 2022 | 1944-2-28
General notes: Seeds and scales from newly disintegrated cones. Hort Kirstenbosch. Female plant.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0002992-0 Collector(s) & number: Verdoorn, IC, 680 | 1947-4-5
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0193441-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GG, s.n. | 1948-7-28
General notes: Rich loamy soil with Cape Sandstone rocks. Photos taken by G.G. Smith. Male and female plants.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0115268-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 5060 | 1948-12-5
General notes: North slope of Witteberg sandstone ridge. Sourveld. Leaf from male plant.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0003075-0 Collector(s) & number: Story, R, 2338 | 1947-4-20
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0002993-0 Collector(s) & number: Verdoorn, IC, 681 | 1947-4-5
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0001096-0 Collector(s) & number: Rattray, GW, s.n. | --
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0278281-1 Collector(s) & number: Rousseau, P, PR1023 | 2012-5-30
General notes: Alt. 100 m.a.s.l. Fynbos. Vegetation: Cultivation. Mountain slope, SE aspect steep slope. Well-drained, loamy soil. Full sun. Garden. Shrub. Geophyte. Cycad. Plant height, 120mm. Flowers present. Fruit absent. Voucher: photo. Crown glabrous. Cataphylls with indumentum, acuminate, 20x6mm. Leaf base abaxially and adaxially ridged, 15x30mm. Brown collar present. Rach's adaxially ridged, glabrous blue-green, tip arching, clear petiole 100mm. Leaf 900x790mm, glaucous, hard, blue-green 115x22mm.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0115255-2 Collector(s) & number: Verdoorn, IC, 681 | 1947-4-5
General notes: On top of kopjie in karroid scrub in gravelly soil. Large colony, majority of plants stemless.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0268684-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, s.n. | 1945-5-15
General notes: Roadside. Photo: Dyer, R.A. No.99/4.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0153195-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 5060 | 1948-12-5
General notes: N slopes of sandstone ridge. Photos: Dyer, R.A. Nos.189/2, 189/4, 189/5 and 189/7.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0278281-2 Collector(s) & number: Rousseau, P, PR1023 | 2012-5-30
General notes: Alt. 100 m.a.s.l. Fynbos. Vegetation: Cultivation. Mountain slope, SE aspect steep slope. Well-drained, loamy soil. Full sun. Garden. Shrub. Geophyte. Cycad. Plant height, 120mm. Flowers present. Fruit absent. Voucher: photo. Crown glabrous. Cataphylls with indumentum, acuminate, 20x6mm. Leaf base abaxially and adaxially ridged, 15x30mm. Brown collar present. Rach's adaxially ridged, glabrous blue-green, tip arching, clear petiole 100mm. Leaf 900x790mm, glaucous, hard, blue-green 115x22mm.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0193492-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 4439 | 1945-5-13
General notes: In karroid scrub. Several plants in smaller areas, otherwise rare.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
This is a sensitive species therefore data has been redacted, click here to login.
2019
SERIES CHAPTER
Zamiaceae Hurter, PJHIn: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1)164-168
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
2012
SERIES CHAPTER
Gymnosperms Manning, JC; Goldblatt, PIn: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 47-49
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
1966
FLORA CHAPTER
Zamiaceae Dyer, RA; Verdoorn, ICIn: LE Codd, B De Winter & HB Rycroft (eds). Flora of Southern Africa 1: 3-34
BRI & Nat. Bot. Gdns, Pretoria & Cape Town
No results found for Encephalartos horridus (Jacq.) Lehm.
Status and criteria
EN
Assessor(s)
Plantae Coordinator
| Part(s) of plant used | Use(s) | Reference |
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