ANIMALIA / ARTHROPODA / INSECTA / LEPIDOPTERA / CARPOSINIDAE / CARPOSINA / THERMURGA
Meyrick (1925) described Carposina ferruginea as follows: Female. 21 mm. Head, thorax light ochreous tinged ferruginous. Palpi 4, light ochreous, towards base suffusedly irrorated dark fuscous. Porewings slightly dilated, termen hardly sinuate, oblique; ferruginous-ochreous; transverse subdorsal tufts irrorated blackish near base and at ?; a spot of dark grey irroration in disc before middle, and a quadrate blotch beyond middle, followed by a blackish dot; an inwards-oblique blackish mark from dorsum towards tornus: cilia pale ochreous slightly speckled fuscous. Hindwings whitish-blue-grey; cilia ochreous-whitish
No separate diagnostic description was provided. Refer to the morphological description.
Type locality: South Africa- Holotype female: South Africa, Western Cape; leg. C. K. Brain (TMSA).
South Africa (De Prins and De Prins, 2011–2024).
Western Cape (De Prins and De Prins, 2011–2024).
The information below was extracted from Staude et al. (2023):
Herbivore - Nectarivore (nectar-eating)
Most moths, like butterflies, collect nectar from flowers. However, some moths have different feeding habits, such as consuming tree sap, honey, rotting fruits, or tears (Sourakov and Chadd, 2022). Carposina is a genus of moths that typically bore into various parts of plants and feed on their insides, particularly fruits (Scoble 1992).
The information below was extracted from Staude et al. (2023): Moths undergo complete metamorphosis, with eggs hatching into caterpillars, which are quite unlike adults, and growing through a series of moults into the winged adult form. Although the adult phase is by far the best known and the one used to define and describe species, it is much shorter in duration than that of the caterpillar. This life cycle stage is generally reserved for reproduction and dispersal, and many adult moths have non-functional mouthparts, living only long enough to find a mate and lay eggs. Mating Moths have complex methods to attract and locate a mate. While diurnal moths may use visual cues to attract mates, most moths are nocturnal and use pheromones. The male may secrete pheromones to attract females, using scent glands or specialised scales. However, it is often the female who produces pheromones and the males who detect them. The males have comb-like antennae that are densely covered in chemoreceptors, which are highly sensitive to the pheromones. These species-specific pheromones are volatile compounds that drift downwind until they are detected by the male of that species. Egg laying and the egg phase Female moths lay their eggs by attaching them directly to the larval host plant using an adhesive. They typically detect the host plant by its odour at night. Some moth species, especially those whose caterpillars feed on plant roots or can feed on a wide variety of plants, simply drop their eggs over the vegetation while in flight. The number of eggs produced per female moth varies depending on the species, ranging from a few to thousands. Eggs come in various forms; many are round or oval, but they may also be elongated, ribbed, pitted, or otherwise decorated. The ribbing on the egg is an adaptation that helps prevent its collapse as it loses moisture. The period of egg development typically ranges from a few days to a few weeks. However, eggs laid towards the onset of winter in temperate regions may remain dormant and only hatch the following spring. The caterpillar (larval) phase When caterpillars are ready to hatch, they use their mandibles to bite a hole in the eggshell. After hatching, they usually consume the shell immediately, as it contains proteins that provide a nutritious first meal. The caterpillar phase of their life cycle typically lasts from a few weeks up to a few months, but this can vary depending on the species. In some cases where food is scarce, it may take more than a year for caterpillars to develop fully. Caterpillars that bore into wood, which is a particularly poor food source, may take up to eight years to reach maturity. Species that complete one generation per year are called univoltine, while those that complete multiple generations annually are called multivoltine.
The information below was extracted from Staude et al. (2023): Adult moths are often excellently camouflaged and imitate leaves, bark, broken branches or bird droppings. Many species are poisonous or odourless and have disgusting colours. The imitation of poisonous or stinging insects is also common. Nocturnal moths have developed behaviours such as evasive flight or vocalisations in response to bat predators. Various groups of moths have developed ears (eardrums) on different parts of their bodies. These are used to detect bat sonar and allow the moth to take evasive manoeuvres if it detects a bat. Caterpillars have various methods to avoid being detected by predators. One strategy is to fling faecal pellets away from their feeding sites. However, this strategy attracts parasitic wasps, which are the main cause of death in lepidopterans. To prevent being attacked by parasitic wasps, the caterpillars also use physical defence mechanisms, such as dense hairs or setae (thick hairs). These hairs are a barrier that makes it difficult for the wasps to penetrate the hairs and reach the caterpillar's skin with their ovipositors. Additionally, the hairs often contain irritating chemicals that deter predators.
Fynbos.
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
Occurrence in African countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, or alien in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature.
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
Carposina thermurga (Meyrick, 1929)
Carposina ferruginea
Author: Meyrick, 1925
No known common names.
Classification
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Arthropoda
CLASS Insecta
ORDER Lepidoptera
FAMILY Carposinidae
GENUS Carposina
SPECIES thermurga
No results found for Carposina thermurga Meyrick, 1929
Some Carposina species are of economic importance as they are a primary pest of pome fruits (Davis, 1969).
0 results for Carposina thermurga Meyrick, 1929
Year
Province
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
1928
BOOK
Exotic Microlepidoptera 3.Meyrick, E.. 1928. Exotic Microlepidoptera 3. Vol. 3 (13–15). London. Taylor and Francis pp.385-416.
2011-2024
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). World Wide Web electronic publication (www.afromoths.net)De Prins, J., De Prins, W.. 2011-2024. Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). World Wide Web electronic publication (www.afromoths.net).
2023
BOOK
Southern African Moths & their Caterpillars.Griffiths, C., Picker, M., Staude, H.. 2023. Southern African Moths & their Caterpillars.. Cape Town. Struik Nature pp..
2022
BOOK
The Lives of Moths: A Natural History of Our Planet's Moth LifeSourakov, A., Chadd, R.. 2022. The Lives of Moths: A Natural History of Our Planet's Moth Life. New Jersey. Princeton University Press (Nigel Browning) pp.288.
1992
BOOK
The Lepidoptera: Form, Function, and Diversity.Scoble, M.. 1992. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function, and Diversity.. New York. Oxford University Press pp.404.
1968
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A revision of the American moths of the family Carposinidae.Davis, D.. 1968. A revision of the American moths of the family Carposinidae. Vol. 289. pp.1-105.