Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs, usually villous or with stellate indumentum
Leaves
subopposite, opposite or alternate, simple, usually entire but sometimes ± toothed, elliptic or lanceolate, petiolate; stipules 2, small
Inflorescences
dense, terminal or axillary heads or spikes
Flowers
bisexual or some female, ± regular, yellow, greenish or white with red base
Calyx
: tube shallow or campanulate, sometimes adnate to ovary; lobes 5(4), valvate
Petals
5(4), free, circinate or straight in bud, ± strap-shaped, with revolute margins, often 0 in female flowers
Stamens
as many as and alternating with petals; filaments free, usually shorter than anthers; anthers 2-thecous, each theca opening with 1 valve, sometimes beaked; staminodes 0
Ovary
from inferior to almost superior, of 2 carpels, 2-locular, usually pubescent; ovule solitary in each locule, pendulous, bitegmic, anatropous; placentation axile; styles 2, subulate
Fruit
a subglobose capsule, 1- or 2-locular, 2-valved, but appearing 4-valved at apex after dehiscence, with ballistic seed ejection by bending, hard endocarp, tomentose
Seeds
ellipsoid or ovoid-oblong, hilum divided into 2 areas extending from proximal end of seed on each side; embryo large, straight
x = 12 (1 report)
Nomenclature:
Trichocladus
Pers.
Persoon: 597 (1807)
Candolle: 269 (1830)
Endlicher: 804 (1840)
Sonder: 324 (1862)
Reinsch: 383 (1890)
Harms: 322 (1930)
Hutchinson: 427 (1933)
Verdcourt: 1 (1971)
Mendes & Vidigal: 71 (1978)
Endress: 375 (1989)
Endress: 327 (1993)
Distribution & Notes:
Global
: Species ± 5; confined to eastern tropical and southern Africa
Southern Africa
: Species 3, Mpumalanga, Swaziland, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape to Western Cape, near George
References:
CANDOLLE, A.-P. DE. 1830.
Hamamelideae
.
Prodromus
4. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris
ENDLICHER, S.L. 1839.
Hamamelideae
.
Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita
2. Beck, Vienna
ENDRESS, P.K. 1989. A suprageneric taxonomic classification of the
Hamamelidaceae
.
Taxon
38
ENDRESS, P.K. 1993.
Hamamelidaceae
. In K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich,
The families and genera of vascular plants - dicotyledons
2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
HARMS, H. 1930.
Hamamelidaceae
.
Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
, edn 2, 18a
HUTCHINSON, J. 1933. The genus
Trichocladus
Pers. (
Hamamelidaceae
).
Kew Bulletin
1933
VERDCOURT, B. 1971.
Flora of tropical East Africa
.
Hamamelidaceae
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