Scandent shrubs or climbers, rarely prostrate or erect, sometimes fleshy
Leaves
simple, entire or lobed, sometimes falling before flowering
Inflorescences
: axillary cymes, rarely flowers solitary in female
Male flowers
: sepals 6 or 9, in 2 or 3 whorls, outer ones smaller, often pilose; petals 6, entire or bifid, concave or involute around stamens; stamens 6 or 9, free; anthers with a transverse dehiscence
Female flowers
similar to male; staminodes 6 or 0; carpels (3)4-6, ± ovoid; ovule solitary; style cylindrical, erect or recurved, or stigmas sessile and recurved
Drupe
obovate or subspherical-compressed, with persistent style or stigma; endocarp bony, horseshoe-shaped, transversely ridged; condyle ± circular, septum usually perforated
Seed
curved; endosperm present as a thin layer, not ruminate
x = 13 (aneuploids, polyploidy, B-chromosomes)
Nomenclature:
Cocculus
DC.
Candolle: 515 (1817) name conserved
Candolle: 96 (1824)
Miers: 43 (1851)
Bentham: 36 (1862)
Miers: 249, t. 124 (1871)
Baillon: 33 (1872) in part
Prantl: 84 (1891)
Diels: 227 (1910)
Troupin: 10 (1956)
Troupin: 163 (1960)
Troupin: 221 (1962)
Friedrich-Holzhammer: 4 (1968)
Troupin & Gonçalves: 16 (1973)
Benvenuto: 35 (1974)
Kessler: 417 (1993)
Thulin: 26 (1993)
Distribution & Notes:
Global
: Species ± 10, tropical to temperate North America, Africa, Socotra and Asia to Australia
Southern Africa
: Species 1:
Cocculus hirsutus
(L.) Diels, Namibia, Botswana, Northern Province, Mpumalanga, Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal
References:
BAILLON, H.E. 1872. Ménispermacées, Berbéridacées.
Histoire des plantes
3. Hachette & Co., Paris
BENTHAM, G. 1862.
Menispermaceae
. In G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker,
Genera plantarum
1. Lovell Reeve & Co., London
CANDOLLE, A.-P. DE. 1817.
Menispermeae
.
Regni vegetabilis systema naturale
1. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris
CANDOLLE, A.-P. DE. 1824.
Menispermaceae
.
Prodromus
1. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris
DIELS, L. 1910.
Menispermaceae
.
Das Pflanzenreich
IV. 94 (Heft 46)
FRIEDRICH-HOLZHAMMER, M. 1968.
Menispermaceae
.
Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika
38
KESSLER, P.J.A. 1993.
Menispermaceae
. In K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich,
The families and genera of vascular plants - dicotyledons
2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
MIERS, J. 1851. A few remarks on the
Menispermaceae
.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History
, Ser. 2, Vol. 7
MIERS, J. 1871. A complete monograph of the
Menispermaceae
.
Contributions to Botany
3(1). Williams & Norgate, London
PRANTL, K. 1891.
Menispermaceae
.
Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
3,2
THULIN, M. 1993.
Menispermaceae
.
Flora of Somalia
1
TROUPIN, G. 1956.
Flora of tropical East Africa
.
Menispermaceae
TROUPIN, G. 1960.
Menispermaceae
.
Flora zambesiaca
1
TROUPIN, G. 1962. Monographie des
Menispermaceae
africaines.
Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Classe des sciences naturelles et médicales mémoires
13
TROUPIN, G. & GONÇALVES, M.L. 1973.
Menispermaceae
.
Flora de Moçambique
7
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