Leaves
alternate, rosulate at base, sessile, linear or linear-lanceolate
Flowers
in terminal, dichotomous cymes or simple, unilateral racemes at length loosely panicled; cymes scorpioid, bracteate
Calyx
± deeply 5-lobed; with campanulate tube; lobes linear, slightly enlarged in fruit
Corolla
purple, blue or white; tube straight, cylindrical, short or of medium length; throat equal or slightly enlarged, with 5 ovate or oblong, papillose or hairy scales opposite lobes; lobes 5, imbricate, shorter than tube
Stamens
arising in middle of corolla tube, included; filaments filiform; anthers linear, oblong, obtuse, longer than filaments
Ovary
4-lobed, 4-locular, with a single ovule in each locule; gynobase disc-like; style gynobasic, semiterete, as long as corolla tube; stigma capitate
Fruit
of 4 nutlets; nutlets strongly convex on back, with marginal rim on face, rugose, a thickened collar-like ring present at base
x = 6, 8 (7, 11) (aneuploids, polyploidy, B-chromosomes)
Nomenclature:
Anchusa
L.
Linnaeus: 133 (1753)
Linnaeus: 64 (1754)
Candolle: 41 (1846)
Bentham: 855 (1876)
Gürke: 112 (1897)
Wright: 16 (1904)
Riedl: 232 (1967)
Chater: 106 (1972)
Distribution & Notes:
Global
: Species ± 35, in Europe, North Africa and W Asia
Southern Africa
: Species 2: *
Anchusa azurea
Mill., introduced from Europe and
A. capensis
Thunb., indigenous in Namibia, Free State, Lesotho, Northern, Western and Eastern Cape
References:
BENTHAM, G. 1876.
Boragineae
. In G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker,
Genera plantarum
2. Reeve, London
CANDOLLE, A.P. DE. 1846.
Borragineae
.
Prodromus
10. Victor Masson, Paris
CHATER, A.O. 1972.
Amsinckia
.
Flora europaea
3
GÜRKE, M. 1897.
Borraginaceae
.
Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
4, 3a
LINNAEUS, C. VON. 1753.
Species plantarum
. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm
LINNAEUS, C. VON. 1754.
Genera plantarum
, edn 5. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm
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