Annual or perennial herbs, often with woody rootstock
Leaves
opposite, often radical, variable in shape and lobing
Flowers
aggregated into pedunculate heads, rarely heads sessile; individual flowers or florets bracteate or surrounded by an involucre which is often ciliate
Calyx
small, shallowly lobed, usually ciliate, pappus-like
Corolla
4(5)-lobed; tube funnel-shaped, hairy within; lobes often unequal, shorter than tube
Stamens
4(5), arising in corolla throat, exserted; filaments linear, longer than anthers; anthers linear or oblong
Ovary
usually ribbed; style included or exserted; stigma linear, thickened, grooved, or unequally 2-lobed
Fruit
as for family
x = 9 (5, 8) (B-chromosomes)
Nomenclature:
Cephalaria
Schrad.
Schrader: 1, 43 (1818) name conserved
Sonder: 41 (1865)
Von Szabo: 1 (1940)
Napper: 466 (1968)
Distribution & Notes:
Global
: Species ± 60, Mediterranean and Africa
Southern Africa
: Species ± 15, all regions except Namibia, Botswana, and Northern Cape
References:
NAPPER, D.M. 1968. Notes on some tropical and South African
Dipsacaceae
.
Kew Bulletin
21
SCHRADER, H. A. 1818. In J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes,
Caroli a Linné equitis systema vegetabilium
etc. 3. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart
SONDER, W. 1865.
Dipsaceae
.
Flora capensis
3
VON SZABO, Z. 1940. A
Cephalaria
-génusz monográfiája.
Matematikai és Természettudömányi Kozlemények, Budapest
38,4
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