Flowers in terminal, often dichotomously branched, helicoid cymes; small, sessile or pedicellate; pedicels bracteate or upper ones naked, sometimes thickened in fruit
Calyx very deeply 5-lobed, lobes linear; accrescent
Corolla blue or white; tube funnel- or salver-shaped with 5 scales in throat opposite lobes; lobes 5, oblong-elliptic
Stamens arising on corolla tube, included; anthers subsessile
Ovary shortly 4-lobed, with a single, laterally attached ovule in each locule; gynobase pyramidal; style gynobasic, short, terete; stigma capitate
Fruit of 4 nutlets; nutlets ovoid-trigonous to oblong, with 1 or 2 rows of cylindrical, conical or flattened glochidia, usually attached to receptacle for only part of their length on the margin
x = 12 (11, 23) (aneuploids)
Nomenclature:
Lappula Moench
Moench: 416 (1794)
Candolle: 135 (1846)
Gürke: 106 (1897)
Brand: 136 (1921)
Riedl: 68 (1967)
Al-Shehbaz: 108 (1991)
Echinospermum Sw. ex Lehm.
Lehmann: 113 (1818)
Distribution & Notes:
Global: Species ± 50, mainly in temperate Europe and Asia, few in North America and Australia
Southern Africa: Species 2: Lappula capensis (DC.) Gürke, indigenous to Western and Eastern Cape, *L. squarrosa (L.) Dumort. subsp. heteracantha (Ledeb.) Chater naturalised in Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, and Eastern Cape
References:
AL-SHEHBAZ, I.A. 1991. The genera of Boraginaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, supplementary series 1
BRAND, A. 1921. Borraginaceae-Borraginoideae / Cynoglosseae. Das Pflanzenreich 78
CANDOLLE, A.P. DE. 1846. Borragineae. Prodromus 10. Victor Masson, Paris
GÜRKE, M. 1897. Borraginaceae. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4, 3a
LEHMANN, J.G.C. 1818. Plantae e familia Asperifoliarum nuciferae. Dümmler, Berlin
MOENCH, C. 1794. Lappula & Buglossoides. Methodus. Nova libraria academiae, Marburg
RIEDL, H. 1967. Boraginaceae. Flora iranica 48
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Biodiversity Advisor, developed by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) and its Data Partners, is a system that will provide integrated biodiversity information to a wide range of users who will have access to geospatial data, plant and animal species distribution data, ecosystem-level data, literature, images and metadata.
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