Trees, shrubs or shrublets, not climbing, with simple hairs
Leaves often ± elliptic, usually membranous or coriaceous
Inflorescences axillary cymes or fascicles or flowers solitary
Flowers bisexual, pedicellate or sessile, often fragrant, bracteolate; bracteoles (1)2-5, caducous or persistent
Sepals 3, ± connate, valvate, much shorter than petals
Petals 6, free, valvate, in 2 whorls, subequal or outer larger than inner, spoon-shaped, erect or spreading
Stamens many, linear, outer and inner often flattened and staminodal; filaments articulated, sometimes connate at base, enclosing gynoecium; anther thecae extrorse, transversely septate; connective prolongation capitate
Carpels many to few, free, rarely solitary, ovoid-cylindrical or ± flattened; ovules many; styles cylindrical or narrowly clavate, aggregated
Monocarps obovoid to cylindrical, mostly stipitate, dehiscent or indehiscent, ± fleshy, 1-8-seeded
Seeds vertical to horizontal, collateral or biseriate; aril sometimes small
x = 8
Nomenclature:
Xylopia L.
Linnaeus: 1250 (1759) name conserved
Endlicher: 832 (1839)
Bentham: 478 (1862)
Oliver: 29 (1868)
Prantl: 36 (1891)
Engler & Diels: 57 (1901)
Fries: 86 (1930)
Robson: 133 (1960)
Paiva: 66 (1966)
Roessler & Schreiber: 3 (1968)
Verdcourt: 72 (1971)
Kessler: 117 (1993)
Distribution & Notes:
Global: Species ± 100-160, pantropical, Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Malaya and America
Southern Africa: Species 3, Namibia and Northern Province
References:
BENTHAM, G. 1862. On African Anonaceae. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 23
ENDLICHER, S.L. 1839. Anonaceae. Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita 2. Beck, Vienna
ENGLER, A. & DIELS, L. 1901. Annonaceae. In A. Engler, Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzenfamilien und Gattungen 6. Engelmann, Leipzig
FRIES, R.E. 1930. Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen I. Acta horti bergiani 10,1
KESSLER, P.J. A.1993. Annonaceae. In K. Kubitzki, J.G. Rohwer & V. Bittrich, The families and genera of vascular plants - dicotyledons 2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
LINNAEUS, C. 1759. Systema naturae, edn 10. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm
OLIVER, D. 1868. Anonaceae. Flora of tropical Africa 1
PAIVA, J.A.R. 1966. Revisão das Annonaceae de Angola. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana 19
PRANTL, K. 1891. Anonaceae. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien III,2
ROESSLER, H. & SCHREIBER, A. 1968. Annonaceae. Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika 34
VERDCOURT, B. 1971. Flora of tropical East Africa. Annonaceae
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