PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / ASPARAGALES / HYACINTHACEAE / SCILLOIDEAE / MASSONIEAE / MASSONIA / BIFOLIA
Deciduous geophyte. Bulb subglobose, 20-30 mm diam., outer tunics papery, pale brown. Leaves 2, opposite, prostrate, elliptic to suborbicular, 80-200(-240) x 50-170(-200) mm, obtuse to acute, subsucculent and fragile with narrow membranous margins, smooth or inutely denticulate marginally, pale green with impressed longitudinal veins, smooth. Inflorescence a stout, conical, subspicate raceme, few- to many-flowered, 30-110 mm above above leaves; bracts spreading or apically decurved, broadly ovate and concave or cucculate, (15-)20-40(-50) x 8-20(-25) mm, acuminate or attenuate to caudate, subsucculent and persisting in fruit, uppermost bracts sterile and forming a small or conspicuous coma; pedicels stout, up to ±3 mm long. Flowers yeast-scented or sour-smelling; perianth pale green; tube campanulate, widening towards mouth, 4-7 x 5-8 mm, mouth 7-10 mm diam., exposing ovary; tepals arising at same level, patent below then incurved-ascending, ovate, 6-9 x 4-6 mm, concave or cucullate, apex penicillate. Filaments suberect-arcuate and incurved apically, whitish, subulate to triangular and slightly swollen apically, 8-9 mm long, 3-4 wide at base, shortly connate at base for 1-2 mm in an open fleshy rim, not occluding mouth; anthers dorsifixed, with evident connective on outer surface, 2.5-3.5 mm long at anthesis, pale creamy yellow with pale pollen. Ovary obtriangular or angular-obovoid, 3-lobed, green, 3-5 x 3-6 mm, angled above and strongly contracted to style; style green, 4-5 mm long, abruptly differentiated from ovary, ± arcuate and apically hooked or bent, tapering gradually to apex. Capsule broadly obovoid-trialate or obtriangular, papery, with persistent style, 15-25 mm diam., surrounded at first by persistent, papery perianth. Seeds subglobose, ±2 mm diam., smooth. From: Manning, JC. 2019. The genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae) in the Core Cape Floristic Region. S. African J. Bot. 121: 329-354. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.015] [Copyright held by the South African Association of Botanists (2019); http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02546299] [CC BY]
Bulbous geophyte, 80-200 mm tall. Leaves 2, prostrate; bracts large, lanceolate, succulent. Flowers in a cylindrical, subspicate raceme, overtopped with a coma of large bracts, shortly pedicellate, greenish; tube campanulate, 4-7 mm long, tepals ovate, 10-15 mm long, filaments 7-9 mm long, shortly united below, anthers and pollen yellow, ovary exposed. Capsules subglobose-turbinate, 3-winged, ± 15 mm long, seeds ± 2 mm diam. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2013. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 87-88. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Bulbous geophyte, 8-20 cm. Leaves prostrate, fragile; bracts succulent, green. Flowers sessile in a dense, conical subspicate raceme crowned with a cluster of leafy bracts, cup-shaped, white to green.; anthers yellow. Capsules ± 15 mm long. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Snijman, DA. 2012. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 112-112. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Bulbous perennial; bulb subglobose, 2-3 cm diameter; outer tunics papery, pale brown. Leaves 2, prostrate, elliptical to suborbicular, 8-22 x 5-17 cm, subsucculent and fragile, pale green, veins impressed, clasping at base. Inflorescence a stout, conical spike borne at ground level, 3-11 cm long, the peduncle scarcely protruding, tapering below; floral bracts spreading or apically decurved, broadly ovate, acuminate or attenuate, (15)20-40 x 8-20 mm, concave or cupped, subsucculent, green, persisting in fruit, the uppermost bracts sterile and forming a small or conspicuous coma. Flowers subsessile, shallowly campanulate, pale green, sour-scented; pedicel stout, short, up to ± 3 mm long; perianth tube cup-shaped, 4-7 mm long; tepals ascending, ovate, 6-9 x 4-6 mm. Stamens adnate to the base of the tepals, whitish; filaments erect-incurved, connate basally for 1-2 mm, free parts awl-shaped and 6-7 mm long; anthers 2.5-3.5 mm long, creamy yellow. Ovary obtriangular or obovoid, 3-5 x 3-6 mm, green; style ± arcuate, 4-5 mm long. Capsule broadly obovoid-subglobose or obtriangular, three-winged, papery, 1.5-2.5 cm diameter, surrounded at first by persistent, papery perianth. Seeds globose, ± 2 mm diameter, glossy black. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Saunders, R. 2011. 721. Massonia bifolia. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 28(4): 324-332. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden; Kew] [All rights reserved]
Readily distinguished from the other CFR species of Massonia by the subspicate, conical or pagoda-like inflorescence extending well above the foliage, with characteristic spreading bracts that are cupped or concave at the base where the flowers are situated and acuminate or attenuate apically, the upper bracts sterile and forming a small or conspicuous coma on top of the inflorescence The campanulate, greenish flowers with incurved filaments and arcuate, apically hooked style of M. bifolia closely resemble those of M. obemeyerae from the Great Karoo but that species has a corymbose, subcapitate inflorescence lacking a coma of bracts. From: Manning, JC. 2019. The genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae) in the Core Cape Floristic Region. S. African J. Bot. 121: 329-354. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.015] [Copyright held by the South African Association of Botanists (2019); http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02546299] [CC BY]
Seasonally moist, humic pockets in sheltered rocky sites. From: Manning, JC. 2019. The genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae) in the Core Cape Floristic Region. S. African J. Bot. 121: 329-354. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.015] [Copyright held by the South African Association of Botanists (2019); http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02546299] [CC BY]
Sheltered slopes in the lee of rocks. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2013. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 87-88. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Mostly in rock outcrops. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Snijman, DA. 2012. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 112-112. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Found in humic pockets in sheltered rocky sites that are locally moist during the winter growing season and that offer shade and protection from the sun throughout the year. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Saunders, R. 2011. 721. Massonia bifolia. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 28(4): 324-332. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden; Kew] [All rights reserved]
Restricted to the higher lying parts of the near-interior West Coast, from southern Namibia along the Namaqualand escarpment and the inselbergs of western Bushmanland in Northern Cape, South Africa, to the Bokkeveld Escarpment, Gifberg and the northern Cederberg in Western Cape, reaching its southerly station on the Pakhuis Pass near Clanwilliam. From: Manning, JC. 2019. The genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae) in the Core Cape Floristic Region. S. African J. Bot. 121: 329-354. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.11.015] [Copyright held by the South African Association of Botanists (2019); http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02546299] [CC BY]
Southern Namibia, Bushmanland, through central Namaqualand to Bokkeveld and Pakhuis Mountains. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2013. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 87-88. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
S Namibia to Bokkeveld and Pakhuis Mtns. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Snijman, DA. 2012. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 112-112. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Western southern Africa, ranging from southern Namibia through the higher-lying parts of northern and central Namaqualand to the northern Cedarberg Mountains near Clanwilliam in South Africa. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Saunders, R. 2011. 721. Massonia bifolia. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 28(4): 324-332. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden; Kew] [All rights reserved]
June to August
245 to 900 m
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
Published in: Edinburgh J. Bot. 60(3): 564 (2004)
Type: South Africa, without precise locality or collector (t. 449 in Jacquin 1791; lecto.) Lectotype designated by Jessop, South African Journal of Botany 42: 433 (1976).
Eucomis bifolia Jacq.
Published in: Coll. 4: 215 (1791)
Basilaea bifolia (Jacq.) Mirb.
Published in: Hist. Nat. Pl. 8: 339 (1804)
Whiteheadia bifolia (Jacq.) Baker
Published in: J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 226 (1872)
Melanthium massoniifolium Andrews, as 'massoniaefolium'
Published in: Bot. Repos.: t. 368 (1804)
Type: South Africa, without precise locality, unknown collector (t. 368 in Andrews 1804). Lectotype designated by Manning et al., Curtis's Botanical Magazine 28(4): 331 (2011).
Whiteheadia latifolia Harv.
Published in: Gen. S. Afr. Pl. ed. 2: 396 (1868)
Type: South Africa, Namaqualand, Modderfontein, Whitehead s.n. (TCD, holo.)
| Common name | Language | Reference/barcode | Published as |
|---|---|---|---|
| bobbejaanskoen | Afrikaans | Steyn, HM; Van Rooyen, G. 1999. Cedarberg: Clanwilliam & Biedouw Valley (SA Wildflower Guide 10). |
Whiteheadia bifolia (Jacq.) Baker |
| pagoda lily | English | Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2013. Hyacinthaceae: Massonia. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 87-88. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. | |
| pagoda lily | English | Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Saunders, R. 2011. 721. Massonia bifolia, Curtis's Bot. Mag. 28(4): 324-332. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden; Kew]. |
Classification
KINGDOM Plantae
SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae
PHYLUM Anthophyta
ORDER Asparagales
FAMILY Hyacinthaceae
SUBFAMILY Scilloideae
TRIBE Massonieae
GENUS Massonia
SPECIES bifolia
39 results for Massonia bifolia (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
Year
Barcode: PRE0049679-0 Collector(s) & number: Thompson, MF, 425 | 1967-8-27
South Africa, Northern Cape, STUDERS PASS; 13.7 MI. FROM GARIES TO KAMIESBERG
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0181402-0 Collector(s) & number: Pretorius, WAJ, 742 | 2001-8-17
South Africa, Northern Cape, Nieuwoudtville, Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve. N 22. Lat: 31° 30' 22" S; Long: 19° 07' 00" E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049678-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 14926 | 1948-9-23
South Africa, Northern Cape, NAMAQUALAND; 11 MI. WSW. OF GARIES
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0210048-0 Collector(s) & number: Snijman, DA, 2162 | 2007-9-13
South Africa, Northern Cape, Eastern Namaqualand, farm Rietfontein.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0752038-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, HM, 717 | 2005-8-15
South Africa, Northern Cape, Namaqualand District. Namaqua National Park; between Skilpad & Soebatsfontein.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0648200-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, EGH, 336 | 1977-8-30
South Africa, Northern Cape, RICHTERSVELD; ROSYNTJIESBERG; N OF LELIESHOEK
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0514026-0 Collector(s) & number: Pienaar, JN, 1168 | 1977-8-
South Africa, Northern Cape, SPRINGBOK; HESTER MALAN NAT. RES.; PLAAS AAN OOSGRENS VAN RES. BO OP RANTE
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0763394-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Jaarsveld, EJ, 13247 | 1993-7-28
South Africa, Northern Cape, Near Swartpoort, Noorskoppe (referring to Euphorbia hottentota), Richtersveld National Park. High peaks just N. of road (9 km from Sendelingsdrif on road to Oena).
General notes: Conf. L. Riddles 04/1997.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0648199-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, EGH, 56 | 1977-8-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, BUSHMANLAND; AGGENYS MOUNTAIN WEST OF POFADDER. SOUTKLOOF AREA WSW OF AGGENYS FARM.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049671-0 Collector(s) & number: Giess, JWH, 6972 | 1963-5-15
Namibia, WARMBAD DIST.; SPERLINGSPUTS WAR 25 FARM.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049672-0 Collector(s) & number: Hardy, DS, 2515 | 1968-9-6
South Africa, Northern Cape, NIEUWOUDTVILLE; 29.2 MI. N. OF NIEWOUDTVILLE ON LOERIESFONTEIN MAIN ROAD.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049677-0 Collector(s) & number: Hardy, DS, 542 | 1961-10-
South Africa, Northern Cape, SPRINGBOK; RATELPOORT N. OF SPRINGBOK.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0583493-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, HM, 228 | 2002-9-16
South Africa, Northern Cape, Calvinia District: Granite outcrop between Loeriesfontein and Kliprand.
General notes: Succulent Karoo. Hill slope. Soil. Well-drained. Sand. Granite. Gentle slope. S-aspect. Biotic effect: grazed. Geophyte, 0.15m high. Fruit: present.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049673-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 8343 | 1916-10-
South Africa, Northern Cape, BOKKEVELD; NIEUWOUDTVILLE
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG1570191-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Wyk, P, PC2660 | 2020-9-25
South Africa, Northern Cape, Rooiberg, Richtersveld National Park, in plot 35188.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0207442-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, PV, 10029 | 2005-7-12
Namibia, Namibia, Noordoewer, hills W of Marinkas Quellen. Altitude: 800-1000 m.
General notes: Among rocks on S aspect of limestone hills.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0800132-0 Collector(s) & number: Meyer, JJ, 4505 | 2005-9-10
South Africa, Western Cape, Traveller's Rest farm, 36 km E of Clanwilliam - Cederberg.
General notes: Mountain fynbos. Steep slope. Geophyte with 2 large leaves lying flat on the ground. Small white flowers, cupped within large green bracts.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049676-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 12884 | 1926-9-9
South Africa, Western Cape, VAN RHYNSDORP DIV.; LANGEBERG; PLATKLIP
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0111605-0 Collector(s) & number: Hardy, DS, 542 | 1961-9-12
South Africa, Northern Cape, SPRINGBOK; RATELPOORT, BETWEEN SPRINGBOK AND STEINKOPF.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0996284-0 Collector(s) & number: Pretorius, WAJ, 742 | 2001-8-17
South Africa, Northern Cape, Calvinia. Nieuwoudtville, Oorlogskloof Nature Reserve. N 22.
General notes: Acocks veld type no: 69. No disturbance.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0520008-0 Collector(s) & number: Goldblatt, P, 2261 | 1974-8-5
South Africa, Northern Cape, NAMAQUALAND; NABABIEP; 10 KM. FROM NABABEEP ON PIPELINE RD. TO SPEKTAKELBERG
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0049675-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 6766 | 1925-8-
South Africa, Northern Cape, LITTLE NAMAQUALAND; STEINKOPF DIST.; NEAR O'OKIEP AND STEINKOPF
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0239457-0 Collector(s) & number: Giess, JWH, 12248 | 1972-5-27
Namibia, WARMBAD DIST.; SPERLINGSPUTZ FARM WAR 25.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0652461-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Wyk, AE, 6277 | 1983-8-23
South Africa, Northern Cape, NAMAKWALAND; ANENOUSPAS; TUSSEN STEINKOPF EN PORT NOLLOTH
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0519877-0 Collector(s) & number: Hardy, DS, 3836 | 1975-7-
South Africa, Northern Cape, AGGENYS.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0728944-0 Collector(s) & number: Nicholas, A, 2475 | 1987-8-25
South Africa, Northern Cape, NABABIEP; 1 KM FROM NABABIEP ON ROAD LEADING TO WINDHOEK - SPRINGBOK HIGHWAY.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0763395-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Jaarsveld, EJ, 13441 | 1993-7-29
South Africa, Northern Cape, Langermankoppe, Richtersveld National Park.
General notes: Succulent geophyte. Conf. L Riddles 1997.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0488875-0 Collector(s) & number: Giess, JWH, 14421 | 1976-6-15
Namibia, SPITSKOP LU 111 FARM; BERGSCHLUCHT 50-BERGE AM HANG MEIST ZWISCHEN FELSEN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0269720-0 Collector(s) & number: Gwynne-Evans, D, 6015 | 2011-8-9
South Africa, Northern Cape, Richtersveld, Port Nolloth. 29.2500°S: 17.1000°E. Altitude: 150 m.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
2019
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
The genus Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae) in the Core Cape Floristic Region Manning, JCSouth African Journal of Botany 121: 329-354
2015
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Desertia, a new genus in Massonieae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), including the description of Desertia luteovirens and the taxonomic revisions of Whiteheadia and Namophila Martinez-Azorin, M; Pinter, M; Wetschnig, WPhytotaxa 221(3)201-225
2013
SERIES CHAPTER
Hyacinthaceae: Massonia Manning, JC; Goldblatt, PIn: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 87-88
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
2012
SERIES CHAPTER
Hyacinthaceae: Massonia Thunb. ex Houtt. Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Snijman, DAIn: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 112-112
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
2011
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
721. Massonia bifolia Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Saunders, RCurtis's Botanical Magazine 28(4)324-332
2004
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, incuding new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P; Fay, JMEdinburgh Journal of Botany 60(3)533-568
1997
1965
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Whiteheadia bifolia (Jacq.) Baker Obermeyer, AA; Connell, MEFlowering Plants of Africa 37: , t.1450
No results found for Massonia bifolia (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
Status and criteria
NE
Assessor(s)
Plantae Coordinator
| Part(s) of plant used | Use(s) | Reference |
|---|
Coming soon...
