Manulea exigua

PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / LAMIALES / SCROPHULARIACEAE / LIMOSELLEAE / MANULEA / EXIGUA

Manulea exigua Hilliard

VU Indigenous Endemic

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Morphological description

Annual herb, stems 1 to c. 12 tufted from the base, 25-370 mm long, main stem usually erect, laterals often decumbent or ascending, simple to branched, lowermost part glandular-puberulous, hairs up to 0.3-0.4 mm long, soon mixed with balloon-tipped hairs up to 0.3 mm long, apical cell round or elliptic and up to 0.2 mm in diam., these hairs rapidly dominant upwards, any glandular hairs up to 0.1 mm long and inconspicuous, leafy particularly near the base but a few distant leaves often straggling upwards, subtending any branches and passing into inflorescence bracts. Leaves (lower) opposite, bases connate, either opposite or alternate upwards, blade 5-60 x 3-35 mm, broadly to narrowly elliptic tapering to a flat petiolar part 4-25 mm long (roughly half length of blade), apex obtuse to subacute, margins coarsely serrate or doubly serrate, sometimes lobulate or nearly lyrate, both surfaces puberulous with balloon-and gland-tipped hairs up to 0.2-0.5 mm long. Flowers many in long terminal thyrses or sometimes racemes in flowering seedlings, the lowermost few flowers in thyrses often solitary, thyrses simple or ± panicled, cymules 2-11 -flowered, monochasial or dichasial. Bracts (lowermost) often leaflike albeit reduced in size, in small plants in particular commonly oblong-lanceolate, c. 3-13 x 0.2-1.5 mm. Peduncles or pedicels (lowermost) c. (1-)3-12 mm long. Calyx obscurely bilabiate, tube 0.2-0.75 mm long, lobes 1.5-3.6 x 0.3-0.8 mm, oblong, ± obtuse, margins glandular-puberulous, hairs up to 0.1 mm long, backs of lobes with balloon-tipped hairs up to 0.2 mm long, apical cell c. 0.1 mm in diameter, small glistening glands particularly on tube. Corolla tube 2.75-4 x 0.7-0.8 mm in throat, cylindric, expanded near apex, limb bilabiate, 3.5-6.5 mm across lateral lobes, posticous lobes 1.8-3.2 x 1-1.75 mm, anticous lobe 1.6-3 x 0.7-1.5 mm, all lobes broadly oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, margins flat, white, back of tube orange or yellow often marked with a dark violet patch, tube and backs of lobes puberulous with balloon-tipped hairs up to 0.1 mm long, inside with 3 or 4 longitudinal bands of clavate hairs. Stamens 4, anticous anthers 0.25-0.3 mm long, just included, posticous anthers 0.5-0.75 mm long, included, posticous filaments bearded. Stigma 0.6-1 mm long, included, tip occasionally bifid. Style 0.2-0.5 mm long, shorter than stigma. Ovary 0.8-1 x 0.5-0.8 mm. Capsules c. 2.5-3 x 1.5-2.2 mm. Seeds 0.5-0.8 x 0.3-0.5 mm, pallid or blue-violet. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Annual to 37 cm, shortly glandular-hairy below. Leaves toothed. Flowers in cymules, bilabiate, tube short and inflated above, white with back of tube orange. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea L. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 745-747. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Diagnostic description

Hiern (in Fl. Cap 4(2), 1904) confused M. exigua with M. minor, and the confusion has persisted until now. Both species have small white flowers, but M. exigua is easily distinguished by its more or less leafy stems and leaf-like bracts, much more deeply lobed and toothed leaves, conspicuous balloon-tipped hairs on the inflorescence axis, pedicels, calyx and corolla, and differently shaped corolla lobes. The relationship of M. exigua lies with M. cheiranthus, which it much resembles in its vegetative parts and in indumentum, but M. exigua has white (not yellow to orange or red-brown) flowers with a smaller limb (3.5-6.5 mm across the lateral lobes versus 5-16 mm), the lateral lobes set at right angles to the posticous lobes (not ascending), all lobes oblong-elliptic to shortly lanceolate, the apex obtuse to acute, margins plane (never long-lanceolate, subulate, margins revolute), the difference in shape reflected in the proportions of breadth to length (posticous lobes in M. exigua 1.8-3.2 x 1-1.75 mm versus 2.75-10 x 0.5-1.2 mm in M. cheiranthus). From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Habitat

Manulea exigua seems to grow mainly on sandy flats and slopes. Bare sandy stony ground. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Mainly sandy flats and slopes. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea L. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 745-747. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Distribution

Manulea exigua appears to occupy a restricted area mainly in Caledon division. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Betty's Bay to Gansbaai. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea L. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 745-747. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Flowering time

July to September

Altitude

0 to 1000 m

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: BODATSA: Data partners records:

Residence status

Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature

FSA

BOT

NAM

ESW

LES

KZN

Absent

Indigenous

Endemic

Naturalised

Invasive

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Names and Sources

Accepted name

Manulea exigua Hilliard

Synonym(s)

Manulea minor auct.

Classification

KINGDOM Plantae

SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae

PHYLUM Anthophyta

ORDER Lamiales

FAMILY Scrophulariaceae

TRIBE Limoselleae

GENUS Manulea

SPECIES exigua

20 results for Manulea exigua Hilliard

Records
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Year

1921 (1)

1942 (1)

1952 (2)

1983 (1)

1996 (2)

2008 (1)

2011 (2)

2019 (3)

2020 (1)

2021 (5)

2022 (1)

Province

western cape (6)

western cape, south africa (14)

Specimen records

Barcode: PRE0235360-0 Collector(s) & number: Barker, WF, 1698 | 1942-9-29

South Africa, Western Cape, Caledon Dist.; Vogelklip.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0119425-0 Collector(s) & number: Rogers, FA, 26589 | 1921-11-

South Africa, Western Cape, HERMANUS

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0249192-0 Collector(s) & number: Ebrahim, I, CR 3561 | 2008-10-19

South Africa, Western Cape, Hermanus. Fernkloof Nature Reserve. Klipspringer Path, burnt lower slopes. 34° 23.812'S, 19° 15.869'E.

General notes: Moderate hill slope. Well-drained, sand soil, sandstone. Fynbos. Dwarf shrub. Flowers present.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0200023-0 Collector(s) & number: Compton, RH, 23617 | 1952-9-24

South Africa, Western Cape, Caledon Div. Mossel River shore.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0169586-0 Collector(s) & number: Mostert, L, 166 | 1996-9-24

South Africa, Western Cape, Kleinmond. 25m West of Graves at Palmiet Strand.

General notes: Fynbos. Rocky. Sand. Sandstone. Well-drained. Full sun. Level slope.Undisturbed. Plant height 100mm. Small white flowers. Frequent.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0083116-0 Collector(s) & number: Compton, RH, 23617 | 1952-9-24

South Africa, Western Cape, Caledon Div. Mossel River shore.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: GHPG$0002294-0 Collector(s) & number: Mostert, L, 166 | 1996-12-24

South Africa, Western Cape, Hangklip subregion. Kleinmond, 25m. W. of graves at Palmiet Strand.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0858708-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 10743 | 2011-8-24

South Africa, Western Cape, Hermanus District. Farm: Hemel en Aarde 585, scenic drive above Fernkloof Nature Reserve. 34°24'00.8"S 19°14'51.2"E.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0675788-0 Collector(s) & number: Goldblatt, P, 7035 | 1983-10-4

South Africa, Western Cape, CALEDON DIST.; EAST OF HERMANUS. SLOPES NR. RUBBISH DUMP

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0858715-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 10751 | 2011-8-24

South Africa, Western Cape, Caledon District; ca. 2.3 km ENE of Kleinmond. Farm: The Draay 563. 34°19'47.2"S 19°05'09.6"E.

General notes: Bioregion: Sandstone Fynbos. Vegetation type: Hangklip Sand Fynbos. Flowers white with yellow centre.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record