PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / ASPARAGALES / IRIDACEAE / CROCOIDEAE / IXIEAE / GLADIOLUS / WATSONIUS
Plants 300-700 mm high. Corm globose, 12-20 mm diam., often with numerous small cormlets around base; tunics ± woody to leathery, splitting below into claw-like segments. Stem barely flexed outward above sheath of terminal leaf, unbranched. Leaves 3, imbricate, lower 2 basal, lowermost sheathing lower thirds of stem and markedly longest, reaching to base or sometimes exceeding spike, linear, (1.5-)4.0-6.0 mm wide, midrib moderately thickened and raised, margins heavily thickened and forming wings extended at right angles to blade, thus with two grooves or furrows on each surface, second leaf sheathing stem for 2/3 of its length with a short blade, uppermost leaf inserted on upper 1/2 of stem, sheathing for 1/2 its length, lower margins united around stem. Spike erect and ± straight, (2)4- to 6(8)-flowered; bracts pale green or flushed light brown, outer (35-)40-55(-70) mm long, lower margins closed around stem, inner shorter to nearly as long. Flowers orange-red to scarlet, lower tepals often translucent, occasionally yellowish below and speckled dark red near base, dorsal tepal with edges translucent in lower 1/2, unscented; perianth tube 44-53 mm long, narrow and cylindric in lower 15-25 mm, abruptly expanded and curved outward into a wider cylindric, horizontal upper part 30-38 mm long, 6-10 x 4-6 mm diam.; tepals broadly lanceolate, dorsal largest, extended horizontally over stamens, 26-33 x 12-18 mm, upper laterals 25-32 x 7-12 mm, ± spreading, lower 3 tepals arching outward from base, laterals 20-26 x 5-11 mm, lower median 23-32 x 6-12 mm. Filaments 32-40 mm long, exserted 8-13 mm from tube; anthers 7-10 mm long, dark purple; pollen cream-coloured to pale yellow. Style arching over stamens, dividing between upper 1/3 and apex of anthers, branches 4-6 mm long. Capsules elongate-ellipsoid, 40-45 x ± 14 mm. Seeds discoid, 6-9 x 5-6 mm, broadly and evenly winged. From: Goldblatt, P; Manning, JC. 2020. Iridaceae of southern Africa. Strelitzia 42: 1-1159. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Cormous geophyte, 30-50 cm, tunics woody. Leaves linear with thickened margins and midribs. Flowers tubular, tepals subequal, red to orange. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Iridaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 119-176. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Distinguished from allied species in the series with similar flowers by the linear leaves, mostly 4-6 mm wide, with the main vein and margins heavily thickened, the blade thus with four longitudinal grooves. Gladiolus teretifolius from the Overberg has narrow, terete leaves 1-2 mm wide, and G. quadrangularis from inland near Ceres has centric blades x-shaped in section and softer corm tunics. From: Goldblatt, P; Manning, JC. 2020. Iridaceae of southern Africa. Strelitzia 42: 1-1159. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Lower slopes and flats on clay and granite soils in renosterveld. From: Goldblatt, P; Manning, JC. 2020. Iridaceae of southern Africa. Strelitzia 42: 1-1159. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Clay and granite slopes in renosterveld. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Iridaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 119-176. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Restricted to the southwestern forelands of Western Cape, South Africa, from Piketberg to the Cape Peninsula and inland to Worcester. From: Goldblatt, P; Manning, JC. 2020. Iridaceae of southern Africa. Strelitzia 42: 1-1159. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Piketberg to Stellenbosch. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Iridaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 119-176. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
August to September
61 to 610 m
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
Antholyza acuminata N.E.Br.
Antholyza revoluta auct., sensu Baker
Antholyza revoluta auct. var. gawleri (Baker) Baker, sensu Baker
Antholyza watsonia (Thunb.) Pax
Gladiolus gawleri (Baker) Klatt
Gladiolus praecox Andrews
Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. var. maculosus M.P.de Vos & Goldblatt
Homoglossum acuminatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
Homoglossum flexicaule N.E.Br.
Homoglossum gawleri (Baker) N.E.Br.
Homoglossum praecox (Andrews) Salisb.
Homoglossum revolutum auct., sensu Baker
Homoglossum revolutum auct. var. gawleri Baker, sensu Baker
Homoglossum watsonium (Thunb.) N.E.Br.
Watsonia praecox (Andrews) Pers.
Watsonia revoluta Pers.
| Common name | Language | Reference/barcode | Published as |
|---|---|---|---|
| rooipypie | Afrikaans | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. |
Homoglossum watsonium (Thunb.) N.E.Br. |
| suikerkan | Afrikaans | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. | |
| suikerkannetjie | Afrikaans | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. |
Homoglossum watsonium (Thunb.) N.E.Br. |
Classification
KINGDOM Plantae
SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae
PHYLUM Anthophyta
ORDER Asparagales
FAMILY Iridaceae
SUBFAMILY Crocoideae
TRIBE Ixieae
GENUS Gladiolus
SPECIES watsonius
73 results for Gladiolus watsonius Thunb.
Year
Barcode: NBG0175676-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 10091 | 1921-6-
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Peninsula District. Lions Head.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0248198-0 Collector(s) & number: Boucher, C, 7369 | 2006-7-20
South Africa, Western Cape, Breede Valley between Tulbagh and Wolseley. Alongside R46, Brienwood portion of Farm Goedgevonden. Vegetation survey sample no. 7. 33°23'25''S, 19°11.191'E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0676667-0 Collector(s) & number: Dummer, RA, 216A | 1908-8-
South Africa, Western Cape, SIGNAL HILL.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175687-0 Collector(s) & number: Taylor, HC, 7332 | 1968-7-11
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town. NW ridge of Papegaaiberg boundary fence between Middelvlei and municipal plantations. Altitude: c.700'
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0064911-0 Collector(s) & number: S.A.Police, s.n. | 1947-7-30
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083219-0 Collector(s) & number: Strey, RG, 546 | 1946-6-28
South Africa, Western Cape, STELLENBOSCH DIV.; BOTMASKOP.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0064913-0 Collector(s) & number: Barker, WF, 8223 | 1953-7-24
South Africa, Western Cape, Stellenbosch. 2 miles N of Kraaifontein, on national road.
General notes: Red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083228-0 Collector(s) & number: Thomson, JB, PRE 32589 | 1883--
South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE FLATS [WITHOUT PRECISE LOCALITY].
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175673-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, EGH, 5177 | 1974-11-3
South Africa, Western Cape, Worcester. Hartebeestkloof.
General notes: Sandy flats. In restiad clump in stream bed. Single plant: flowers pinkish red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175682-0 Collector(s) & number: Laubscher, P, s.n. | 1971-8-14
South Africa, Western Cape, Bellville. Tygerberg hills.
General notes: Clay soil, between shrubs. Herb. Dark red flowers. Plant height: 30-40cm high. Common name: Rooi Afrikaner.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0021521-0 Collector(s) & number: Pappe, s.n. | --
South Africa, Western Cape, Lions Head.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175697-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, M, 2316 | 1974-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, Paarl: next to Durbanville - Paarl road.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083216-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 10091 | 1921-6-
South Africa, Western Cape, LION'S HEAD.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083220-0 Collector(s) & number: Taylor, HC, 7332 | 1968-7-11
South Africa, Western Cape, STELLENBOSCH; PAPEGAAIBERG; N. RIDGE OF PAPEGAAIBERG, BOUNDARY FENCE BETWEEN MIDDELVLEI AND MUNICIPAL PLANTATIONS.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0180792-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, M, 2322 | 1974-9-3
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh: On cemetry of farm Winterhoek - Wes.
General notes: Common name : suikerkane.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175696-0 Collector(s) & number: Fellingham, AC, 1151 | 1986-9-6
South Africa, Western Cape, Klein Dassenberg, Kanonkop. Eastern hill.
General notes: Fynbos on sandy loam. SW slope. Rare geophyte. Flowers orangey-red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0027615-0 Collector(s) & number: Rogers, FA, 28817 | 1924-9-
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175699-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, M, 2319 | 1973-8-
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh: Mostertshoek, Farm Romansriver.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083226-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Niekerk, G, 152 | 1952-8-13
South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE DIV.; DURBANVILLE-KLIPHEUWEL ROAD.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175698-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, M, 2289 | 1973-11-
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh: Mostertshoek, farm Romansriver.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0240828-0 Collector(s) & number: Grant, A, 2358 | 1926-8-14
South Africa, Western Cape, WELLINGTON; NEAR WELLINGTON.
General notes: In grain fields.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083223-0 Collector(s) & number: Alexander-Prior, RC, PRE 32588 | 1846-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE TOWN.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0180640-0 Collector(s) & number: Thompson, MF, 735 | 1969-8-12
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town. NW of Fisantekraal station.
General notes: Renosterbos hill slope. Orange-brick-red flowers.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0269653-0 Collector(s) & number: Boucher, C, 7671 | 2011-8-11
South Africa, Western Cape, Wolsely Area. Romansrivier Farm. Foothill area along south-east edge of property. Burnt April 2011. 33°28'43"S 19°13'19"E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0064909-0 Collector(s) & number: S.A.Police, s.n. | 1951-8-7
South Africa, Western Cape, Wellington. Hermon.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175677-0 Collector(s) & number: Schmidt, AA, s.n. | 1952-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, Stellenbosch District. Bottelary.
General notes: Flowers red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0064912-0 Collector(s) & number: Rycroft, HB, 2293 | 1961-8-14
South Africa, Western Cape, Stellenbosch. Hasendal, Kuils River.
General notes: Pale red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0077102-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Niekerk, G, 152 | 1952-8-13
South Africa, Western Cape, Durbanville - Klipheuwel road.
General notes: On grassy banks above road. Flowers bright red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083221-0 Collector(s) & number: Ecklon, CF, 11 | 1827-6-
South Africa, Western Cape, LEEUKOP.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175704-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, 8528 | 1887-6-
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town. Camps Bay. Altitude: 1-2000'.
General notes: Bushy, stony places. 1-2ft high. Flowers scarlet.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0112834-0 Collector(s) & number: Thompson, MF, 735 | 1969-8-12
South Africa, Western Cape, BELLVILLE DIST.; NW. OF FISANTEKRAAL STATION.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0061986-0 Collector(s) & number: Martin, BE, 1190 | 1962-8-17
South Africa, Western Cape, Bellville, Klipheuwel.
General notes: Red, lower half of dorsal lobe translucent.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0049625-0 Collector(s) & number: Davis, DK, s.n. | 1946-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Peninsula, Royal Observatary grounds.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175701-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, M, s.n. | 1973-9-3
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh: Mostertshoek. Farm Romansriver, next to vlei.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG1482304-0 Collector(s) & number: Boucher, C, 7992 | 2015-9-3
South Africa, Western Cape, Malmesbury District. Roundstone Farm (no. 612), Western slopes of Kasteelberg. Middle footslope section of stream on edge of olive grove. Sample plot 3.
General notes: Photos 6558, 6559.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175702-0 Collector(s) & number: Andrag, RH, s.n. | 1934-6-
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh District. Saron.
General notes: Red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0735334-0 Collector(s) & number: Dummer, RA, 216 | 1908-6-
South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE TOWN; SIGNAL HILL, ABOVE CAPE TOWN.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0127322-0 Collector(s) & number: Matthews, GC, 1257 | 1983-9-1
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town. East of Durbanville on Wellington road, west of national road in new development area east of Wellway Park East.
General notes: Common perennial geophyte with brick-red flowers. Growing in sandy clay.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0021522-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 4841 | 1894-8-16
South Africa, Western Cape, Piquetberg Road.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175664-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, MP, 2711 | 1989-8-24
South Africa, Western Cape, Farm Banghoek, Kapteinskloof. (W of Piketberg)
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0273719-0 Collector(s) & number: Nicholson, G, 149 | 2011-7-11
South Africa, Western Cape, Paardeberg, Vondeling, just W of 4 x 4 track on top of mountain. 33.59870' S; 18.82236' E.
General notes: Fynbos biome. Boland Granite Fynbos vegetation. Moderate, mountain slope. Well-drained, sandy, stony soil. Granite. Full sun. E aspect. Recently burned. Geophyte. Small shallow corm, 2-4 bright red flowers. Plant height 50 cm. In small scattered populations.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175674-0 Collector(s) & number: Runnalls, P, 516 | 1993-7-15
South Africa, Western Cape, Somerset West: Helderberg Nature Reserve. Waterworks Reserve below supply dam east side.
General notes: Grassland, erica. Clay very wet in winter. Height 700mm. Flowers orange or red face same direction. Upper tepal horizontal. Leaves not quite cruciform 3 plants found adjacent to 515.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0148768-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, MP, 2711 | 1989-8-24
South Africa, Western Cape, Farm Banghoek, Kapteinskloof. (W of Piketberg), mountain slope between renosterbos, right of road.
General notes: Flowers apricot - orange with brick-red spots.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083224-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 10077 | 1920-8-
South Africa, Western Cape, MOORREESBURG.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0129966-0 Collector(s) & number: Walters, IB, 215 | 1975-8-8
South Africa, Western Cape, Worcester. "Skoonuitsig" farm (Botha).
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175681-0 Collector(s) & number: Unknown, s.n. | 1912-9-
South Africa, Western Cape, Wellington. Girls High School.
General notes: Hillsides.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175703-0 Collector(s) & number: Andrag, RH, s.n. | 1932-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh District, Saron.
General notes: Hillsides, stony clayey soil.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0223103-0 Collector(s) & number: Dose, O, s.n. | --
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town. On Lions Head. At 1,100 ft.
General notes: Red Afrikaner.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083215-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 10714 | 1897-8-4
South Africa, Western Cape, PORTERVILLE; PONE PORTERVILLE.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0064910-0 Collector(s) & number: Compton, RH, 8930 | 1940-7-10
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Peninsula. University grounds, Groote Schuur.
General notes: Bright red.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG1551612-0 Collector(s) & number: Runnalls, P, 515 | 1993-7-6
South Africa, Western Cape, Somerset West. Helderberg Nature Reserve. Waterworks Reserve below supply dam, east side. Alt.: 90 - 95 m.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175675-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, 6004 | 1897-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Town. Lion's Rump. Altitude: 500-1000'.
General notes: Bushy places. 1-2ft high. Flowers scarlet.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0115676-0 Collector(s) & number: Grant, A, 2358 | 1926-8-14
South Africa, Western Cape, Common in grain fields near Wellington.
General notes: Perianth crimson.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0064914-0 Collector(s) & number: Taylor, HC, 1655 | 1956-8-16
South Africa, Western Cape, Durbanville. From hillside near cultivated vineyard near Peaslake.
General notes: Common locally. Becoming extinct by cultivation.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0053123-0 Collector(s) & number: Thorne, CH, s.n. | 1938-8-8
South Africa, Western Cape, Malmesbury Div., Mamre road.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175678-0 Collector(s) & number: Rousseaue, F, s.n. | 1932-8-
South Africa, Western Cape, French Hoek.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0735486-0 Collector(s) & number: Lloyd, 967 | 1865--
South Africa, Western Cape, STELLENBOSCH.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0151938-0 Collector(s) & number: Manning, JC, 1091 | 1993-6-10
South Africa, Western Cape, Simonstown. Groote Schuur, along De Waal Drive opposite Mostert's Mill.
General notes: Roadside bank. Flowers reddish orange, base of upper tepal fenestrated and translucent.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0175700-0 Collector(s) & number: De Vos, M, 2283 | 1973-8-21
South Africa, Western Cape, Stellenbosch: Koelenhof near Salvation Army Hostel.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0276462-0 Collector(s) & number: Cowell, C, MSBP 4026 | 2009-10-6
South Africa, Western Cape, Tulbagh, Schalkenbosch wine estate, below dam. 33°18'33"S: 19°11'55"E. Altitude: 406 m.
General notes: Renosterveld biome. Gentle hill slope. Seasonally waterlogged, rocky and clay soil. Sandstone. Cultivated land. Geophyte. Orange-red flowers, present, white speckles inside black anthers.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083227-0 Collector(s) & number: Flanagan, HG, 1735 | 1892-8-
South Africa, Western Cape, MALMESBURY.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: SAM0054681-0 Collector(s) & number: Lewis, GJ, 718 | 1939-7-
South Africa, Western Cape, Rondebosch, bank below Bolus Herb.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0083218-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 4841 | 1894-8-16
South Africa, Western Cape, PIQUETBERG ROAD RAILWAY STATION.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
2020
SERIES
Iridaceae of southern Africa Goldblatt, P; Manning, JCStrelitzia 42: 1-1159
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
2012
SERIES CHAPTER
Iridaceae Manning, JC; Goldblatt, PIn: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 119-176
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
1998
1989
1972
BOOK (MONOGRAPH IN SERIES)
A revision of the South African species of Gladiolus Barnard, TT; Lewis, GJ; Obermeyer, AA; Rycroft, HBPurnell, Cape Town
1932
1929
1926
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. Smith, CA; Gower, SIFlowering Plants of South Africa 6: , t.240
1888
1882
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Klatt, FWAbhandlungen Herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 15:
1812
1805
1798
No results found for Gladiolus watsonius Thunb.
Status and criteria
NT
Assessor(s)
Plantae Coordinator
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Armstrong, A.J. and van Hensbergen, H.J. 1996. Impacts of afforestation with pines on assemblages of native biota in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal. 175:35-42
REPORT
GeoTerraImage 2015. 1990-2013/14 South African National Land-Cover Change. DEA/CARDNO SCPF002: Implementation of Land-Use Maps for South Africa. Project Specific Data Report
BOOK
Skinner JD, Chimimba CT 2005. The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion. Cambridge University Press
BOOK
Taylor, P.J. 1998. The Smaller Mammals of KwaZulu-Natal. University of Natal Press
| Part(s) of plant used | Use(s) | Reference |
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