Nomoneura barbertonensis Hesse, 1969
endemic

Morphological description

Hesse (1969) described this species as follows: Body mainly reddish brownish; frontal part of head and head below darker, more blackish brownish; clypeus and proboscis above paler, more reddish brownish; a broadish, somewhat indistinct, central, dorsal streak on thorax above, becoming evanescent at about middle, and an indistinct, submedial, broadish band on each side of thorax above, from about middle to near base and on to postalar calli, as well as a broadish, medial streak on metanotum and metapleural boss above posterior spiracle also slightly more darkened, more blackish brownish than rest of reddish brownish thorax; proboscis below more yellowish; antennae (excepting the more reddish brownish base of club and terminal tubercle), the extensive dorsal discal parts of tergites 2-4 and central, discal part of 5, sternites 2-4, lower parts of middle and hind coxae, to a certain extent lower hinder part of anterior and middle trochanters, entire hind trochanters and the entire legs pale yellowish, the antennae and legs being strikingly so, the apical part of claws however blackish; tergite 8 and genital segments slightly paler, more yellowish reddish than rest of reddish brownish abdomen; hind margins on sides of tergites 2-4 conspicuously pale yellowish whitish; bullae small, somewhat bean-shaped, shining black, very widely separated above. Integument of head and thorax mainly dull, the middle ocellar part slightly more shining; tergite 1 and sides of 1-5 and especially entire 6-8 and genital parts, as well as hinder darkened half of venter also shining more than the yellowish dorsum and more so than dull thorax; thorax above, metanotum and pleurae with dull leathery texture; abdomen with micro-areolate texture on tergites 1-5, less evident from 6 to apex, with scattered or sparse setiferous puncturation to end of 6, and with the terminal segments transversely shallowly grooved. Vestiture very poorly developed; the greater part of the body being bare; shortish hairs on vertex and frons greyish yellowish, appearing dark in certain lights; those on clypeus more yellowish and slightly longer ones on head below brownish, appearing even darker in certain lights; short hairs on antennal segments 1 and 2 reddish brownish; short and sparse ones on thorax above brownish and slightly longer sparse ones on sides in front of wing-base yellowish brownish or greyish brownish; those on propleural tubercle brownish; shortish and sparse ones on sides basally of tergite 1 greyish; minute scattered hairs on abdomen above dark ; longer reversed ones on last two segments and on genital segments blackish brownish; fine shortish hairs on anal lobes greyish yellowish; short ones on coxae blackish brownish; hairs on legs very short, reddish brownish, appearing more reddish in certain lights, more yellowish in others, those on front and middle tibiae more golden and those on hind ones more reddish; narrow streaks of tomentum along inner margin of eye on face and behind eyes greyish whitish; fine, but relatively sparse, tomentum on pleurae, sides basally of tergite 1 and on hind coxae greyish; spines on hind femora below and spicules on hind tibiae and tarsi yellowish reddish, those on front and middle ones slightly paler, more yellowish. Head with the interocular space on vertex narrow, about as broad as space on head below; antennae stoutish and thick, very slightly longer than thorax (excluding scutellum), segment 1 not thickened, quite 2-3 times length of 2, segment 3 stoutish, scarcely thickened apically, longer than club, the latter constricted bottle-neck-like at base, thickest at about middle, with an equatorial row of 3 short setae on inner side at about middle and 2 dorsally (one at about middle), with the apical sensory area rather truncately sunk in on inner side, the outer apical side occupied by the rather conspicuous, crater-like tubercle; proboscis about 22 mm long, about as long as vertical length of eye, with the apex of its labella slightly curved down; palps distinct, short, a little longer than antennal segment 2. Wings tinged reddish brownish; veins dark reddish; halteres entirely dark reddish brownish; squamal margin whitish. Legs slender, rather long, the hind femora only very slightly thickened, rather elongate, armed below with about 7-9 shortish, separated, reddish spines along inner row and 4 in apical part along outer row; tibiae, including hind ones, with numerous spicules apart from apical spurs; basal segment of hind tarsi distinctly much longer than claw-segment, quite subequal in length to combined length of segments 2-4. Oviscape with about 7 slender, reddish spines on a side. Length of body: about 16 mm; Length of wing: about 12.5 mm.

Diagnostic description

This species differs from the male N. fasciata, which also has a longish proboscis, thickish antennae, a similarly shaped club, slender and longish yellowish legs and reddish veins in the wings, and of which it may prove to be the unknown female, in not having yellowish humeral tubercles and in having darker, not pale or more yellowish reddish, mesonotal sides. It is easily distinguished from female of N. paradoxa Bezz. and N. caffra by the much longer proboscis, the ochreous yellowish discal parts of tergites 2–4 and 5, and the longer legs (Hesse 1969).

Type notes

Type locality: South Africa, Mpumalanga, Barberton.

Global distribution

South Africa.

SA distribution

This species was collected from Mpumalanga, Barberton (J. S. Taylor, 28 Sept. 1926) (Hesse 1969).

Movement

The information below was extracted from Cannings and Scudder (2005): Dipterans are primarily aerial insects and the mesothorax, which bears the only pair of wings, dominates the thorax - the prothorax and metathorax are greatly reduced. The legs are normally rather simple and are used primarily for perching; in some groups, they are modified for prey capture or for signaling during courtship. The tarsi are nearly always 5-segmented. The functional wings are membranous and their pattern of veins is critical in fly classification and identification. During the evolution of flies, there has been a trend towards a reduction in veins, especially in the rear half of the wing – changes that evidently relate to improvements in two-winged flight. The hind wings, present in most other insects, are reduced in Diptera to small, club-like organs, called halteres, used for stabilizing flight.

Trophic level

Herbivore - Nectarivore (nectar-eating)

Trophic strategy

The flies in this family are not known to hunt, catch or prey upon other insects as asilids do, but mainly feed on nectar (Hesse 1969).

Reproduction

Like the others, flies in the Mydidae family begin life as an egg, which hatches into a grub-like larva. Most of the fly life is spent in the larval stage, mainly eating and growing, as well as molting several times. Some flies may spend at least a year as a larva. The next stage is a pupa, during which the insect transforms into its final stage, emerging from the pupa as a winged adult, able to mate and reproduce. In many species, males stake out positions at favourable egg-laying sites and wait for females to arrive (Hesse 1969).

Behaviour

The specimens of this genus are mainly collected from August to February, (with one record in March) (Kirk-Spriggs and Sinclair 2017).

Biome

Savanna

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: Data partners records: DNA:

Residence status

Occurrence in African countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, or alien in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature.

FSA

SA

BOT

NAM

ESW

LES

WC

EC

NC

FS

GA

KZN

LP

MP

NW

Absent

Indigenous

Endemic

Naturalised

Invasive

Names and Sources

No known common names.

Classification

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Arthropoda

CLASS Insecta

ORDER Diptera

FAMILY Mydidae

No results found for Nomoneura barbertonensis Hesse, 1969

No results found for Nomoneura barbertonensis Hesse, 1969

1 results for Nomoneura barbertonensis Hesse, 1969

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Observation records

Animal occurrence records per dataset

Animal occurrence records per year

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: Data partners records: DNA:

1924

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The South African Mydaidae (Diptera) as represented in the South African Museum.

Bezzi, M. 1924. The South African Mydaidae (Diptera) as represented in the South African Museum. Vol. 19 pp.191-234.

1969

JOURNAL ARTICLE

The Mydaidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa

Hesse, A.J.. 1969. The Mydaidae (Diptera) of Southern Africa Vol. 54 pp.1–388.

2005

WEB SERVICE

The True Flies (Diptera) of British Columbia

Cannings, R.A., Scudder, G.G.E.. 2005. The True Flies (Diptera) of British Columbia. University of British Columbia.

2017

BOOK

Manual of Afrotropical Diptera

Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley, Sinclair, Bradley. 2017. Manual of Afrotropical Diptera Vol. 2. Pretoria, South Africa. South African National Biodiversity Institute.

2021

WEBSITE

Asiloid Flies: deciphering their diversity and evolutionary history

Dikow, Torsten. 2021. Asiloid Flies: deciphering their diversity and evolutionary history. National Museum of Natural History: Smithsonian.