PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / GENTIANALES / APOCYNACEAE / APOCYNOIDEAE / NERIEAE / NERIUM / OLEANDER
Shrub or small tree, 1-4 m high. Leaves ternate; lamina coriaceous, narrowly elliptic, 50-210 x 10-35 mm, acuminate or acute at apex, cuneate at base; petioles 3-10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, thyrsoid, lax. Flowers actinomorphic, ornamental. Calyx free, narrowly triangular to narrowly ovate. Corolla showy, white, pink to wine-red, yellow or salmon; tube infundibuliform; lobes in bud overlapping to right, obovate, rounded, entire; corona of 5 truncate epipetalous parts, 3-8-lobed. Stamens 5; filaments short; anthers 4-locular, narrowly triangular, fertile at sagittate base, introrse, with filiform apical appendages. Ovary broadly ovoid. Follicles 2, narrowly oblong. Seeds oblong with 9-12 mm long tuft of hairs at truncate apex. From: Nicholas, A; Glen, M; Shuttleworth, A; Bester, SP. 2019. Apocynaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 321-417. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Erect, woody, poisonous shrub, up to 2 m tall, branching mainly from base, spineless. Leaves lanceolate, 50-150 x 15-25 mm, opposite to whorled, leathery, transversely feather-veined. Flowers in lax, terminal cymes. Corolla salver-shaped, 30-50 mm diam., tube cylindrical, abruptly widened around middle, lobes spreading, 15-20 mm long, pink, red or white, with laciniate, corolline corona attached to base of lobes. From: Bruyns, PV. 2013. Apocynaceae. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 248-264. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Erect, woody, poisonous shrub up to 2 m, branching mainly from base, spineless. Leaves lanceolate, 50-150 x 15-25 mm, opposite to whorled, leathery. Flowers in lax, terminal cymes. Corolla salver-shaped, 30-50 mm diam., tube cylindrical, abruptly widened around middle, lobes spreading, 15-20 mm long, pink, red or white, with laciniate corolline corona attached to base of lobes. From: Bruyns, PV. 2012. Apocynaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 331-343. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Rocky and gravelly, dry watercourses, semi-arid regions. North Africa, Middle East, northern India, southern China, declared weed. From: Nicholas, A; Glen, M; Shuttleworth, A; Bester, SP. 2019. Apocynaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 321-417. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Declared weed, in watercourses among rocks. From: Bruyns, PV. 2013. Apocynaceae. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 248-264. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Declared weed, in watercourses among rocks. From: Bruyns, PV. 2012. Apocynaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 331-343. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Eastern Cederberg Mountains to Mpumalanga. From: Bruyns, PV. 2013. Apocynaceae. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 248-264. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Eurasian weed, eastern Cedarberg to Kamanassie Mtns and Mpumalanga. From: Bruyns, PV. 2012. Apocynaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 331-343. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
August
350 to 1900 m
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
Nerium indicum Mill.
| Common name | Language | Reference/barcode | Published as |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ceylon(s)roos | Afrikaans | Nicholas, A; Glen, M; Shuttleworth, A; Bester, SP. 2019. Apocynaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 321-417. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. | |
| Ceylon(s)rose | English | Nicholas, A; Glen, M; Shuttleworth, A; Bester, SP. 2019. Apocynaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 321-417. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. | |
| Ceylone rose | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| Ceylonroos | Afrikaans | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. | |
| Ceylonrose | English | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. | |
| Ceylonsroos | Afrikaans | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. | |
| Ceylonsrose | English | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. | |
| dog-bane | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| double oleander | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| Laurier rose | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| oleander | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| oleander | English | Nicholas, A; Glen, M; Shuttleworth, A; Bester, SP. 2019. Apocynaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1): 321-417. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. | |
| oleander | English | Phillips, EP; Smith, CA; Van Hoepen, E. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 35: 1-642. Government Printer, Pretoria. | |
| rose bay | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| rose laurel | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| selonsroos | Afrikaans | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. | |
| sweet-scented oleander | English | Balsinhas, AA; Engelbrecht, VM; Harding, GB; Joffe, H; Stirton, CH; Wells, MJ. 1986. Catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa, A: Mem. bot. Surv. S. Afr. 53. Mem. Bot. Surv. South Africa 53: 1-658. BRI, Pretoria. |
Classification
KINGDOM Plantae
SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae
PHYLUM Anthophyta
ORDER Gentianales
FAMILY Apocynaceae
SUBFAMILY Apocynoideae
TRIBE Nerieae
GENUS Nerium
SPECIES oleander
42 results for Nerium oleander L.
Year
Barcode: PRE0515890-0 Collector(s) & number: Stirton, CH, 7209 | 1977-6-9
South Africa, Western Cape, 58 KM. FROM PRINCE ALBERT TO CALITZDORP
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0270475-0 Collector(s) & number: Bezeng, S, BS0194 | 2011-3-19
South Africa, Gauteng, Johannesburg. Brixton, corner Symonds Road and Beverly Road. 26°11'31"S 28°00'25"E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0504494-0 Collector(s) & number: Henderson, L, 1112 | 1991-1-19
South Africa, Western Cape, Ladismith: Gamka River crossing in the Gamkaskloof (Die Hel).
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0270157-0 Collector(s) & number: Komape, DM, KMS115 | 2011-10-31
South Africa, North West, Potchefstroom, Mooivallei Park. 26°40'48''S 27°05'47''E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0058019-0 Collector(s) & number: Mills, AP, 133 | 1967-10-3
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Botanic Gardens; Durban.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0864891-0 Collector(s) & number: Spies, C, JS00289 | 2002-6-9
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Ramsgate. Oatlands. Greenhills Farm.
General notes: Pondoland Coastal Forest. Gentle slope.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0269663-0 Collector(s) & number: Koordom, M, MEK058 | 2011-11-3
South Africa, Western Cape, R44, Kleinbos, close to Somerset West, Western Province. 34°04.053'S 18°49.569'E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0746596-0 Collector(s) & number: Henderson, L, 1074 | 1990-3-6
South Africa, Eastern Cape, BAVIAANSKLOOF RIVER; COLESKE FARM; NEAR FARM
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0151777-0 Collector(s) & number: Cheek, MD, 2904 | 2021-5-16
South Africa, Free State, Senekal; NG Church grounds, North eastern corner.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0270616-0 Collector(s) & number: Phago, T, PPRI-0125 | 2011-10-26
South Africa, Gauteng, Pretoria/Tshwane in Rietondale, ARC-PPRI campus. 25.7369°S 28.2390°E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0150167-0 Collector(s) & number: Thorp, E, s.n. | 1953-6-
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Botanic Gardens; Durban.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0271623-0 Collector(s) & number: Koordom, M, MEK114 | 2011-12-1
South Africa, Western Cape, Bosch-En-Dal. 33°56.211'S 18°53.388'E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0269662-0 Collector(s) & number: Koordom, M, MEK059 | 2011-11-3
South Africa, Western Cape, On N1 on the way to Paarl, Western Province. 33°47.099'S 18°56.345'E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0859890-0 Collector(s) & number: Masia, ND, 36 | 2011-10-20
South Africa, Limpopo, Klein Kariba.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0139133-0 Collector(s) & number: Sithole, J, 98 | 2011-10-27
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Tongaat, 2km to Crocodile Creek.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0984506-0 Collector(s) & number: Schuhardt, DA, DS00676 | 2001-11-22
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, ± 20 km from Mbazwana to Jozini.
General notes: Tropical. No slope. Big spearhead-shaped leaves. Thick in feeling.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0135067-0 Collector(s) & number: Cheek, MD, 551 | 2008-12-20
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Richards Bay harbour, growng next to dirt and 20m from ocean waves.
General notes: Notes: Not abundant. only individual . No herbivory noted.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0688721-0 Collector(s) & number: Stirton, CH, 7209 | 1977-6-9
South Africa, Western Cape, 58 KM FROM PRINCE ALBERT TO CALITZDORP
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0270526-0 Collector(s) & number: Kabongo, R, RMK0024 | 2011-3-22
South Africa, Gauteng, Johannesburg. Brixton, corner Symonds Road and Beverley Road. 26°11'31''S 28°00'25''E.
General notes: Early Detection and Rapid Response Programme.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0664325-0 Collector(s) & number: Stirton, CH, 7209 | 1977-6-9
South Africa, Western Cape, 58 KM FROM PRINCE ALBERT TO CALITZDORP
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0508793-0 Collector(s) & number: Henderson, L, 1112 | 1991-1-19
South Africa, Western Cape, Ladismith: Gamka River crossing in the Gamkaskloof (Die Hel).
General notes: Naturalised alien.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE1018607-0 Collector(s) & number: Moshobane, M, 17 | 2022-3-16
South Africa, Limpopo, Thabazimbi area. Hamerkop St near old nursery.
General notes: Plant is cultivated for commercial
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0270375-0 Collector(s) & number: van der Bank, M, MvdB0056 | 2011-3-26
South Africa, Gauteng, Johannesburg. 26°10.409'S 27°59.167'E.
General notes: Early Detection and Rapid Response Programme.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0271599-0 Collector(s) & number: Koordom, M, MEK097 | 2011-11-29
South Africa, Western Cape, Between Stellenbosch and Franschoek. 33°55.334'S 18°56.222'E.
General notes: Early Detection and Rapid Response Programme.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0105770-0 Collector(s) & number: Sikhakhane, TB, 21 | 1989-1-22
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpaphala area, c.2km from Mbongolwane Mission to Osungulweni. At the farm of Mr. and Mrs. S.M. Langa.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE1005322-0 Collector(s) & number: Cele, T, 13 | 2022-1-25
South Africa, Free State, Bloemfontein, Gronvlei.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0746372-0 Collector(s) & number: Stirton, CH, 5910 | --
South Africa, Western Cape, VOELFONTEIN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0274635-0 Collector(s) & number: Masia, ND, MND 36 | 2011-10-20
South Africa, Limpopo, Klein Kariba. 24°50.752'S 28°19.708'E.
General notes: Early Detection and Rapid Response Programme. Alt. 1178m. Savanna. Soil. Loam. Shrub. Flowers present. Fruits absent.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0864671-0 Collector(s) & number: Schuhardt, DA, DS03888 | 2002-8-23
South Africa, Eastern Cape, Caguba (Port St. Johns).
General notes: Tropical. Steep slope.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0136031-0 Collector(s) & number: Cheek, MD, 38 | 2008-12-23
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Richard's Bay Heritage site garden.
General notes: Occurrence: not abundant.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0058020-0 Collector(s) & number: Mills, AP, 149 | 1967-10-6
South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Botanic Gardens; Durban .
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
2019
SERIES CHAPTER
Apocynaceae Nicholas, A; Glen, M; Shuttleworth, A; Bester, SPIn: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(1)321-417
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
2013
SERIES CHAPTER
Apocynaceae Bruyns, PVIn: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 248-264
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
2012
SERIES CHAPTER
Apocynaceae Bruyns, PVIn: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 331-343
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
1949
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Oleanders: Nerium L. and the oleander cultivars. Pagen, FJMededeelingen van de Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen 87: 1-113
No results found for Nerium oleander L.
| Part(s) of plant used | Use(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Flowers | Skin eruptions (Body part: Heart) | Von Koenen, E. 1977. Heil- und giftpflanzen in Südwestafrika. Akademischer Verlag, Windhoek. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Skin eruptions (Body part: Heart) | Von Koenen, E. 1977. Heil- und giftpflanzen in Südwestafrika. Akademischer Verlag, Windhoek. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Heart disease (Body part: Heart) | Von Koenen, E. 1977. Heil- und giftpflanzen in Südwestafrika. Akademischer Verlag, Windhoek. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Skin eruptions (Body part: Heart) | Von Koenen, E. 1977. Heil- und giftpflanzen in Südwestafrika. Akademischer Verlag, Windhoek. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Heart disease (Body part: Heart) | Von Koenen, E. 1977. Heil- und giftpflanzen in Südwestafrika. Akademischer Verlag, Windhoek. [All rights reserved] |
| Flowers | Heart disease (Body part: Heart) | Von Koenen, E. 1977. Heil- und giftpflanzen in Südwestafrika. Akademischer Verlag, Windhoek. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Epilepsy | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Unspecified | Abortifacient - Pregnant women | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Malaria | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Snake-bite remedy | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Roots | Tumours | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Vermin: treatment | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Latex | Warts | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Plant sap | Warts | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Ulcerations | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Latex | Tumours | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Tumours | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Roots | Corns | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Plant sap | Ulcerations | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Warts | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Roots | Ulcerations | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Latex | Corns | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Roots | Warts | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Plant sap | Tumours | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Plant sap | Corns | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Flowers | Snake-bite remedy | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Malaria | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Snake-bite remedy | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Unspecified | Dysmenorrhoea - Women | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Epilepsy | Watt, JM; Breyer-Brandwijk, MG. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa: Being an account of their medicinal and other uses, chemical composition, pharmachological effects and toxicology in man and animal, 2nd ed. Livingstone, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved] |
| Plant | Poison antidote | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves & bark | Antisyphilitic | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Nose drops - Children (Body part: Nose) | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Gums: strengthen (Body part: Gums) | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Itch | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Hair: falling | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves (dried) | Ulcers - Animals | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Flowers | Febrifuge - Animals | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Tumours | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Teeth: strengthen (Body part: Teeth) | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Wood ash | Itch | Boulos, L. 1983. Medicinal plants of North Africa. Reference Publications, Inc., Michigan. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Antiparasitic | Githens, TS. 1948. Drug plants of Africa, Vol. 8. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Antiparasitic | Githens, TS. 1948. Drug plants of Africa, Vol. 8. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Antiparasitic | Githens, TS. 1948. Drug plants of Africa, Vol. 8. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Scabies | Githens, TS. 1948. Drug plants of Africa, Vol. 8. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Corns | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Corns | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Skin complaints | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Warts | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Carcinomas | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Latex | Carcinomas | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Bark | Carcinomas | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Roots | Carcinomas | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Leaves | Ulcerations | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Latex | Ulcerations | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
| Plant sap | Carcinomas | Burkill, HM. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [All rights reserved] |
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