Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth
NE Appendix II Indigenous

Morphological description

Glabrous, densely clump- or mound-forming succulent, 50-300 mm x 0.3-2.0 m; branches 20-55 mm thick, shortly clavate, 6-10-angled, bright shiny green becoming brown below, with sharp spines 6-20 mm long. Leaf-rudiments 2-50 x 2-7 mm, linear-lanceolate to spathulate. Cyathia on glabrous peduncle 1-8 mm long, 3-6 mm in diam.; glands 5, dark purple-red to yellow-green, entire. Flowering time July-Sept. Capsule 4.5-6.0 mm in diam., ± spherical, glabrous. From: Bruyns, PV. 2019. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia L. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2): 905-919. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Dwarf succulent, up to 0.3 m high; unisexual, freely branched at ± ground level, with branches regularly and densely packed into cushion-like masses or mounds. Branches 25-33 mm thick, nearly always 7-angled, green, angles subacute, slightly crenate-tubercled; spines glabrous, 6-12 mm long, green or greenish yellow when young. Leaves rudimentary, soon deciduous. Flowers: yellow; cyathia solitary, sessile or on short peduncles; involucral glands dark purple or brownish red; Jul. Fruit obtusely 3-angled. From: Retief, E; Meyer, NL. 2017. Euphorbiaceae. In: E Retief & NL Meyer (eds), Plants of the Free State: Inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 505-516. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Dwarf succulent, up to 300 mm tall, freely branched at ground level, with branches regularly and densely packed into cushion-like masses or mounds. Branches 25-33 mm thick, nearly always 7-angled, green. Spines glabrous. Flowers yellow. From: Retief, E; Herman, PPJ. 1997. Plants of the northern provinces of South Africa: Keys and diagnostic characters. Strelitzia 6: 1-681. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Habitat

Shallow soils in short grassland often with slabs of rock close to surface; Mesic Highveld Grassland, Sub-Escarpment Grassland, Dry Highveld Grassland, Drakensberg Grassland, Sub-Escarpment Savanna. From: Bruyns, PV. 2019. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia L. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2): 905-919. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Dry Grassland; Mesic Grassland. Stony mountainsides, rocky outcrops. From: Retief, E; Meyer, NL. 2017. Euphorbiaceae. In: E Retief & NL Meyer (eds), Plants of the Free State: Inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 505-516. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Stony mountainsides. From: Retief, E; Herman, PPJ. 1997. Plants of the northern provinces of South Africa: Keys and diagnostic characters. Strelitzia 6: 1-681. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Flowering time

July

Altitude

700 to 1830 m

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: BODATSA: Data partners records:

Residence status

Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature

FSA

SA

BOT

NAM

ESW

LES

WC

EC

NC

FS

GA

KZN

LP

MP

NW

Absent

Indigenous

Endemic

Naturalised

Invasive

https://seis-sanbi.azureedge.net/anura/default/asset.do?preview=56879

Names and Sources

Accepted name
Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth

Published in: Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 315 (1909)

Type: South Africa, Cape, Queenstown, Marloth 4372 (missing). Type: South Africa, Cape, Queenstown, Nov. 1898, Galpin 2527 (PRE, neo.). Neotype designated by Bruyns, Bothalia 42(2): 241 (2012).

Synonym(s)

Classification

KINGDOM Plantae

SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae

SUBGENUS Rhizanthium

SPECIES pulvinata

82 results for Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth

Specimen records

Barcode: PRE0257389-0 Collector(s) & number: Leistner, OA, 3001 | 1962-4-10

South Africa, Free State, WINBURG DIST.; WILLEM PRETORIUS GAME RES.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0354218-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Merwe, F, PRE 51816 | 1937-6-21

South Africa, Transvaal, ZOUTPANSBERG DIST.; HAPPY REST.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257391-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 3479 | 1936-7-19

Eswatini, LOUWSBERG; MOOIKLIP; 3 MI. W. OF LOUWSBERG TO HLOHANE

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257247-0 Collector(s) & number: Barnard, WG, 389 | 1935-6-

South Africa, Mpumalanga, LYDENBURG DIST.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0057081-0 Collector(s) & number: Strey, RG, 7534 | 1967-6-27

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Ndwedwe.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0267495-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, P, 11651 | 2010-1-7

South Africa, Eastern Cape, FORT BEAUFORT. Takastad Dist. Near Spring Valley.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0541884-0 Collector(s) & number: Muller, DB, 2059 | 1977-4-1

South Africa, Free State, WINBURG; WILLEM PRETORIUS Nature Reserve DORINGBERG WEST

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0267497-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, P, 11641 | 2010-1-6

South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Province STEYNSBURG. Tafelberg Hill, on N-facing slope of hill.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257254-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 4372 | --

South Africa, Eastern Cape, QUEENSTOWN

General notes: Specimen ex horto.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257387-0 Collector(s) & number: Shaw, R, PRE 46389 | 1953-12-

South Africa, Mpumalanga, BELFAST DIST.; CAROLINA; AIRLIE ESTATES

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0267001-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, P, 11056 | 2008-5-1

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Cradock Dist. Mount Marlow, on steep hillside.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257388-0 Collector(s) & number: Minnaar, JC, PRE 46369 | --

South Africa, Free State, BETHLEHEM DIST.; BETWEEN KESTELL AND BETHLEHEM

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257257-0 Collector(s) & number: Stayner, FJ, PRE 46412 | 1938-1-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, KING WILLIAMS TOWN D; KEISKAMMAHOEK

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0142918-0 Collector(s) & number: Sithole, J, 20 | 2002-1-4

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern KZN. Nquthu Silutshana. Mbokodwe Village, Vryheid.

General notes: Zulu Botanical Knowledge Project. Zulu name: isinhlenhle.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257385-0 Collector(s) & number: Liebenberg, LCC, 411 | 1931-2-18

South Africa, Mpumalanga, BARBERTON DIST.; ON TOP OF MT. BEHIND Barberton town.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257261-0 Collector(s) & number: Gerstner, J, 48 | 1933-9-29

South Africa, Eastern Cape, HERSCHEL

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0139746-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GF, 55 | 1989-10-9

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Laagerfarm, Wartburg

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0560739-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, PV, 5020 | 1992-1-18

South Africa, Eastern Cape, 20 km South of Cathcart.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257396-0 Collector(s) & number: Strey, RG, 7534 | 1967-6-27

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, NDWEDWE DIST.; ZWATI; ON TOP OF ZWATI

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0110545-0 Collector(s) & number: Abbott, ATD, 5049 | 1990-1-20

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Ngeli, [Ngele] south from Belfast tower.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0868228-0 Collector(s) & number: Koekemoer, M, 4934 | 2016-4-13

South Africa, Eastern Cape, About 50 km E of Middelburg. Farm Schilderkrans. N of the farmhouse on rocks near the vlei.

General notes: Rare. Only one plant seen. Bio Gaps site 3115-2520.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257256-0 Collector(s) & number: Galpin, EE, PRE 46411 | 1910-12-5

South Africa, Eastern Cape, QUEENSTOWN; LONG HILL

General notes: Living plant received at Kew from E.E. Galpin (Dec.5/1910)

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257248-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 9927 | --

South Africa, Western Cape, KIRSTENBOSCH

General notes: From Kirstenbosch garden.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0809123-0 Collector(s) & number: Archer, RH, 2103 | 1994-7-25

South Africa, Mpumalanga, Barberton; Just NW of Angle Station.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257393-0 Collector(s) & number: Codd, LEW, 1553 | 1946-8-13

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, VRYHEID DIST.; ZWARTFOLOZI P.O.; 1.5 MI. E. OF ZWARTFOLOZI P.O.

General notes: Locally frequent

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257249-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 13362 | 1926-12-

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, DRAKENSBERG

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257246-0 Collector(s) & number: Rudatis, AGH, 1415 | 1911-8-6

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, ALEXANDRIA DIV.; DUMISA STA.; FAIRFIELD

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257251-0 Collector(s) & number: Dieterlen, A, 1199 | 1918-10-

Lesotho, OUTHING DIST.; LELOALENG; LA IUESUERIE FARM

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0104192-0 Collector(s) & number: Williams, R, 49 | 1987-11-1

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Babanango, Goudhoek Farm.

General notes: Many plants growing close together.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0276937-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, P, 11310 | 2009-1-6

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Natal. Oribi. 4 km west of Thorndale. Altitude: 550 m.

General notes: Steep shale slopes among grass and bush, clumps in overgrazed area.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257390-0 Collector(s) & number: Roberts, BR, 2693 | 1963-7-17

South Africa, Free State, THABA NCHU MT.; THABA NCHU DIST.

General notes: Locally frequent

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257403-0 Collector(s) & number: Devenish, NJ, 1366 | 1967-8-21

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, UTRECHT; NAAUWHOEK

General notes: Common name: Bokkekos.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0582613-0 Collector(s) & number: Ward, CJ, 13182 | 1995-6-2

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Greater Durban Metropolitan Area. Hammarsdale area. Hector (ESKOM) Substation Site.

General notes: Locally common, otherwise rare in area. Conf.: R. Archer.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257255-0 Collector(s) & number: Pont, JW, PRE 46410 | 1925-3-3

South Africa, Free State, WINBURG; E. OF WINBURG

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0823647-0 Collector(s) & number: Bredenkamp, CL, 1198 | 1997-1-13

South Africa, Eastern Cape, 19 km from Dordrecht on road to Queenstown; Rocky outcrop at Transkei border cattle bridge. 31°32'198"S 26°58'177"E.

General notes: 1. Slides were donated for slide collection. 2. Spirit material was prepared for spirit collection. 3. Live plants given to R.H. Archer and H. Heilgendorff.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0277878-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, P, 11893 | 2011-7-21

South Africa, Transvaal, Pietersburg Dist. Granite hill behind Stevens Lumber Mills near Boyne.

General notes: Alt. 1330 m. In shallow soil on granite domes, badly burnt and eaten in places.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0111457-0 Collector(s) & number: Williams, R, 496 | 1989-10-13

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Noodsberg, Ozwathini Plateau.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257383-0 Collector(s) & number: Barnard, WG, 389 | 1935-5-20

South Africa, Limpopo, LYDENBURG DIST.; SEKUKUNILAND; SCHOONOORD FARM

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257400-0 Collector(s) & number: Thomasset, HP, PRE 46387 | 1933-5-

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, WEENEN DIST.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257394-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, 51 | 1927-11-15

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, KLIP RIVER DIST.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0146279-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, GF, 82 | 1989-10-11

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Seven Oaks; Canema.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0631246-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Wyk, AE, 5985 | 1982-12-7

South Africa, Limpopo, LOUIS TRICHARDT; HANGKLIPBOSRESERVAAT; NABY RADIOMAS

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257395-0 Collector(s) & number: West, O, 1788 | 1940-2-27

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, ESTCOURT DIST.; ESTCOURT PASTURE RES

General notes: Common

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0130113-0 Collector(s) & number: Ward, CJ, 13182 | 1995-6-2

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Greater Durban Metropolitan Area. Hammarsdale Area. Hector (Eskom) Substation site.

General notes: Dwarf subshrub forming low cushion; rootstock woody, roots tough; stems many, succulent, ribs 5 - 7, 25 - 45 mm tall; leaves herbaceous-fleshy; no open flowers seen, only buds. Vegetation type: open grassland. Substrate: soil (shallow). Soil type: sand. Rock: Natal Group Sandstone. Exposure: sun. Aspect: North North East. Slope: steep. Other: soil on exposed weathered bedrock. Notes: locally common, otherwise rare in area.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257250-0 Collector(s) & number: Dyer, RA, 3500 | 1936-7-30

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, VRYHEID DIST.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257392-0 Collector(s) & number: Bayer, F, PRE 46376 | 1946-8-

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, VRYHEID DIST.; ZWARTFOLOZI

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0890800-0 Collector(s) & number: MacMahan, M, MM00101 | 2002-6-18

South Africa, Mpumalanga, 8 km N of Graskop. Turn left toward SAFCOL Mill. (Berlin Falls). On SAFCOL Property.

General notes: Conf. Bester, S.P. 2.2003

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257401-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 10490 | 1944-7-5

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, ESTCOURT; ESTCOURT PASTURE RES

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257258-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 11651 | 1923-8-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, GRIQUALAND EAST; MATATIELE

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0776457-0 Collector(s) & number: Williams, R, 496 | 1989-10-13

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, NOODSBERG; OZWATINI PLATEAU

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257397-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 6555 | 1925-8-5

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, VRYHEID DIST.; HIGHLAND N. OF VRYHEID

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257398-0 Collector(s) & number: Exner, H, PRE 46384 | 1927-8-29

South Africa, Mpumalanga, VOLKSRUST; NR. TOP OF MT.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0718183-0 Collector(s) & number: Compton, RH, 27419 | 1958-1-9

Eswatini, HLATIKULU DIST.; MOOI HOEK ROAD; ROCKS

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257402-0 Collector(s) & number: Edwards, D, 3131 | 1963-4-30

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, NEWCASTLE DIST.; DANNHAUSER; DORING RD. N. E. OF DANNHAUSER

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257263-0 Collector(s) & number: Smith, CA, 4470 | 1927-9-8

South Africa, Free State, PHILIPPOLIS DIST.; SPIOENKOP; NEAR SMARTRYK SIDING

General notes: Common

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257253-0 Collector(s) & number: Galpin, EE, 2527 | 1898-11-20

South Africa, Eastern Cape, QUEENSTOWN

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257244-0 Collector(s) & number: Rudatis, AGH, 1415 | 1911-6-5

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, ALEXANDRIA DIV.; DUMISA STA.; FAIRFIELD

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257245-0 Collector(s) & number: Galpin, EE, 9283 | 1929-12-

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, VRYHEID DIST.; LANCASTER HILL

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0127714-0 Collector(s) & number: Peacock, S, SBP046 | 1995-11-8

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Natal District. New Germany. Near Reservior - on top of hill.

General notes: Leaves on top. Diameter 20cm. Vegetation type: grassland. Substrate: rocky soil. Exposure: sun. Aspect: North. Slope: 30º. Plant height: 9cm. Local abundance: rare.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0035398-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 10490 | 1944-7-5

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Escourt P.R. Station.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0101561-0 Collector(s) & number: Cunningham, AB, 2498 | 1987-4-13

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Umlazi, Muthi Market.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257384-0 Collector(s) & number: Devenish, NJ, 12 | 1960-7-13

South Africa, Mpumalanga, PIET RETIEF DIST; MOOIHOEK 16 MI. SW. OF PIET RETIEF

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257386-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlieben, H-J E, 8356 | 1960-2-18

South Africa, Limpopo, LOUIS TRICHARDT DIST; RUSTFONTEIN FARM

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0042947-0 Collector(s) & number: Sheperd, E, 139 | 1956-1-2

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Glencoe.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0267004-0 Collector(s) & number: Bruyns, P, 11031 | 2008-4-28

South Africa, Northern Cape, Colesberg Dist. Slingerfontein, on steep dolerite slope.

General notes: Alt. 1300 m. Large low mounds on steep dolerite slope, locality discovered by Mr. John Bell of Colesberg Dist.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0257399-0 Collector(s) & number: Galpin, EE, 9283 | 1929-12-

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, VRYHEID DIST.; LANCASTER HILL

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Observation records

Date: 1/21/2014 4:39:00 PM

Eastern Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Collector(s) & number: User 918 , Unkown | 2016-03-06

South Africa , Limpopo

Data Resource: View record

Collector(s) & number: User 206316 , Unkown | 2002-12-02

South Africa , Mpumalanga

Data Resource: View record

Barcode: WAG.1576189 | Collector(s) & number: Turpin BC , Turpin, BC 817 | 2013-11-23

South Africa , Mpumalanga

Data Resource: https://ror.org/0566bfb96 View record

Barcode: L.2222931 | Collector(s) & number: Dyer RA , Dyer, RA 1045 | 1924-09-01/1924-09-30

South Africa , Cape

Data Resource: https://ror.org/0566bfb96 View record

Date: 6/23/2008 12:00:00 AM

Mpumalanga

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 12/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Free State, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 9/11/2009 12:00:00 AM

KwaZulu-Natal

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 6/20/2015 12:00:00 AM

KwaZulu-Natal

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 12/24/2020 9:24:48 AM

KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 10/15/2015 10:05:00 AM

KwaZulu-Natal

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 11/4/2018 11:46:00 AM

Mpumalanga

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 1/18/2001 9:33:00 PM

Western Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 4/7/2021 10:50:15 AM

Mpumalanga

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Plant occurence records per dataset

Plant occurence records per year

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: BODATSA: Data partners records:

2019

SERIES CHAPTER

Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia L. Bruyns, PV

In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2)905-919

South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria

2017

SERIES CHAPTER

Euphorbiaceae Retief, E; Meyer, NL

In: E Retief & NL Meyer (eds), Plants of the Free State: Inventory and identification guide. Strelitzia 38: 505-516

South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria

2012

PERIODICAL/JOURNAL

Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia Bruyns, PV

Bothalia 42(2)217-245

1997

SERIES

Plants of the northern provinces of South Africa: Keys and diagnostic characters Retief, E; Herman, PPJ

Strelitzia 6: 1-681

National Botanical Institute, Pretoria

1997

BOOK

List of southern African succulent plants Smith, GF

Umdaus Press, Pretoria

No results found for Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth

Status

Status and criteria

NE

Assessor(s)

Plantae Coordinator

Part(s) of plant used Use(s) Reference
Plant Used medicinally (Used by: Zulu) Hutchings, A; Scott, HA; Lewis, G; Cunningham, AB (eds). 1996. Zulu medicinal plants: an inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. [All rights reserved]

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