Manulea thyrsiflora

PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / LAMIALES / SCROPHULARIACEAE / LIMOSELLEAE / MANULEA / THYRSIFLORA

Manulea thyrsiflora L.f.

LC Indigenous Endemic

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Morphological description

Shrublet c. 350 mm - 1 m tall, stems erect, ascending or decumbent, up to c. 4 mm diam. at base, woody, laxly branched, densely pubescent, hairs either gland-tipped or balloon-tipped, often mixed, sometimes glandular only, up to 0.25-0.7 mm long, leafy throughout. Leaves opposite, bases connate, becoming alternate only on the inflorescence axes where they pass imperceptibly into bracts, often with dwarf axillary shoots, primary leaves c. 12-50 x 5-30 mm, broadly elliptic to subrotund or ovate, apex rounded to subacute, base cuneate and narrowed with a distinct petiolar part, margins serrate or sometimes doubly serrate, both surfaces pubescent, often mixed glandular and eglandular hairs, sometimes entirely glandular, up to 0.2-0.3(-0.6) mm long. Flowers in stout leafy or bracteate thyrses terminating each branchlet, axis sometimes flexuous, cymules dichasial, many-flowered. Bracts (lowermost) frequently leaflike or cymules in axils of uppermost leaves, occasionally ± elliptic, entire, c. 10-35 x 1.5-12 mm. Peduncles (lowermost) 2-40 mm long, flowers sessile. Calyx distinctly bilabiate, anticous lip less deeply divided than posticous, tube 0.2-0.5 mm long, lobes c. 1.5-2.75 x 0.4-0.8 mm, oblong-lanceolate, tips slightly thickened, pubescent all over, hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long, balloon-tipped, tiny gland-tipped hairs also present. Corolla tube 5.5-7.5 x 1-1.5 mm in throat, cylindric, inflated at apex, limb distinctly bilabiate, 5.5-8 mm across lateral lobes, posticous lobes 2-3.5 x 1-2 mm, anticous lobe 2-3.5 x 0.8-2 mm, all elliptic, margins strongly revolute so that tips look pointed, greenish-yellow to pale- or golden-yellow turning orange or brownish, yellow/orange patch in back of throat, sometimes marked with purple-black, pubescent outside, hairs c. 0.1 mm long, balloon-tipped, inside 4 longitudinal bands of clavate hairs in throat. Stamens 4, anticous anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long, just included, posticous anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long, included, posticous filaments bearded. Stigma 1.25-2.25 mm long, longer than style, included. Style 0.25-1 mm long. Ovary 0.8-1.4 x 0.5-1 mm. Capsules c. 3.5 x 2 mm. Seeds c. 0.6-0.8 x 0.3 mm, dark violet blue. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Densely hairy shrub to 1 m. Leaves toothed. Flowers in bracteate cymules, bilabiate, tube inflated above, greenish to golden-yellow with yellow patch in back of throat, turning brown. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea L. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 745-747. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Diagnostic description

Manulea thyrsiflora is frequently confused with M. tomentosa but is is a greener plant (M. tomentosa is decidedly grey) with strongly developed axillary leaf tufts, the eglandular hairs on stem, leaf and calyx are distinctly balloon-tipped (± acute in M. tomentosa) and shorter, the corolla limb more distinctly bilabiate with narrower lobes, which are more acute to the eye. There is also a fundamental difference in that the stigma is much longer than the style in M. thyrsiflora; the reverse is true in M. tomentosa. The relationship of M. thyrsiflora lies with M. virgata, which is montane in distribution, and easily distinguished by its delicate thyrses and acute hairs on stems, leaves and calyx. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Habitat

Manulea thyrsiflora grows in scrub on seashore dunes or other sandy places near the sea. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Coastal dunes in scrub. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea L. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 745-747. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Distribution

It exhibits a very odd distribution pattern, having been recorded from the mouth of the Great Berg river along the coast to Blaauwberg Strand, then a great gap until it re-appears on the coast of Bredasdorp and Riversdale divisions, roughly between De Hoop in the west and Still Bay in the east. The two areas are presumably relicts of a once continuous distribution along the Cape coast during the Middle Pleistocene, when the coastline lay much further out than it does today and the great bays between Cape Point and Cape Agulhas were sandy wastes. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]

Velddrif to Blouberg and De Hoop to Still Bay. From: Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P. 2012. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea L. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 745-747. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Flowering time

August to October

Altitude

3 to 150 m

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: BODATSA: Data partners records:

Residence status

Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature

FSA

BOT

NAM

ESW

LES

KZN

Absent

Indigenous

Endemic

Naturalised

Invasive

Names and Sources

Accepted name

Manulea thyrsiflora L.f.

Published in: Suppl. Pl.: 286 (1782)

Synonym(s)

Classification

KINGDOM Plantae

SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae

PHYLUM Anthophyta

ORDER Lamiales

FAMILY Scrophulariaceae

TRIBE Limoselleae

GENUS Manulea

SPECIES thyrsiflora

22 results for Manulea thyrsiflora L.f.

Records
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1924 (1)

1958 (1)

1968 (1)

1969 (1)

1976 (2)

1978 (2)

1979 (1)

1986 (1)

1996 (1)

2013 (2)

2014 (1)

2015 (1)

2020 (2)

2021 (5)

Province

western cape (6)

western cape, south africa (16)

Specimen records

Barcode: PRE0610184-0 Collector(s) & number: Burgers, CJ, 2189 | 1979-9-11

South Africa, Western Cape, DE HOOP; POTBERG NAT. RESERV; DRONKVLEI; SAND-DUNES ALONG TRACK TO KOPPIE ALLEEN

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0602814-0 Collector(s) & number: Bohnen, P, 4108 | 1978-9-9

South Africa, Western Cape, RIVERSDALE.; STILLBAY.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0119447-0 Collector(s) & number: Marsh, JA, 1279 | 1969-8-14

South Africa, Western Cape, VELDDRIFT; SHELL BAY

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0707130-0 Collector(s) & number: O'Callaghan, MG, 1313B | 1986-11-12

South Africa, Western Cape, MODDER RIVER; N OF MODDER RIVER, NEAR BRIDGE

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0119441-0 Collector(s) & number: Muir, J, 3332 | 1924-8-24

South Africa, Western Cape, STILL BAY

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1540795-0 Collector(s) & number: Manning, JC, 3829A | 2020-10-27

South Africa, Western Cape, Bokbaai, Skulpbaai.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0521587-0 Collector(s) & number: Hugo, L, 611 | 1976-10-

South Africa, Western Cape, LANGEBAAN; PANORAMA FARM

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Barcode: PRE0120330-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 24028 | 1968-7-29

South Africa, Western Cape, RIVERSDALE DIV.; JONGENSFONTEIN

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Barcode: PRE0235368-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 19688 | 1958-8-25

South Africa, Western Cape, PIQUETBERG DIV.; 4.5 MI. N. N.E. OF LAAIPLEK

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0647573-0 Collector(s) & number: Boucher, C, 4161 | 1978-11-29

South Africa, Western Cape, MALMESBURY DIST.; BOKBAAI

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Barcode: PRE0828074-0 Collector(s) & number: Rode, E, 671 | 1996-10-2

South Africa, Western Cape, Vredenburg District: Saldanha - Holvlei; Ridge to the West of Holvlei Farmhouses, at the edge of the farmed land.

General notes: Det: K Steiner

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0527565-0 Collector(s) & number: Hugo, L, 611 | 1976-10-

South Africa, Western Cape, LANGEBAAN; PANORAMA FARM

Data Resource: BODATSA View record