PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / LAMIALES / SCROPHULARIACEAE / LIMOSELLEAE / MANULEA / FRAGRANS
Annual herb, stems several to many from the crown, tufted in discrete rosettes, 10-150 mm long, erect to more or less prostrate, simple, minutely glandular-puberulous, often glabrescent, occasional sessile glistening glands as well, leafless except at base. Leaves opposite, bases connate, crowded at base in a ± spreading rosette, blade 2.5-20 x 2-10 mm, elliptic to subrotund tapering to a broad flat petiolar part 2-35 mm long (roughly equalling to twice as long as blade), apex very obtuse, margins entire to obscurely or distinctly serrate or crenate, both surfaces minutely glandular-puberulous, soon glabrescent but sessile glistening glands often present. Flowers many in terminal racemes, crowded initially, distant in fruit. Bracts (lowermost) c. 1-4 x 0.4-2 mm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Pedicels (lowermost) c. 1-6 mm long. Calyx very obscurely bilabiate, tube (0.1-)0.3-0.5(-0.6) mm long, lobes (1.6-)2.5-4.5 x 0.4-0.75 mm, oblong-lanceolate, margins minutely glandular-puberulous, a few sessile glistening glands also present and on calyx tube. Corolla tube 3.5-4.5 x 0.75-1 mm in throat, cylindric, inflated in upper part, limb obscurely bilabiate, 5.5-7.5 mm across lateral lobes, posticous lobes 1.75-3.5 x 0.8-1.6 mm, anticous lobe 2-3 x 0.8-1.8 mm, all lobes oblong, tips either± acute to obtuse or shortly (rarely deeply) bifid, margins flat to ± revolute, white, or pale yellowish to pale or deep mauve with a yellow star-shaped patch around mouth and down back of throat, minutely puberulous to glabrous outside, glistening glands on backs of lobes, inside a posticous longitudinal band of clavate hairs together with 2-3 lesser lateral bands. Stamens 4, anticous anthers 0.25-0.4 mm long, just visible in mouth, posticous anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long, included, posticous filaments weakly bearded. Stigma 0.8-1.6 mm long, sometimes bifid, deeply included. Style 0.2-0.8 mm long, much shorter than stigma. Ovary 0.8-1.3 x 0.6-1.3 mm. Capsules 3-4.5 x 2-3 mm. Seeds 0.6-0.8 x 0.3-0.4 mm, blue-violet or pallid. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]
Tufted annual, 10-150 mm tall. Leaves in a basal spreading rosette, elliptic, tapering at base, entire or serrate. Flowers in dense racemes, bilabiate, corolla tube 3.5-4.5 mm long, lobes entire or shortly bifid, white to pale yellowish or pale to deep mauve with a yellow star-shaped patch around mouth and down back of throat, strongly scented. From: Snijman, DA. 2013. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 465-467. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Specimens with forked corolla lobes are often confused with M. silenoides, but M.fragrans is easily distinguished from both M. silenoides and M. praeterita by the minute glandular pubescence on stem and leaves (not hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long, with balloon-tipped hairs also present especially on the inflorescence axes). The petiolar part of the leaf is often much longer in M. fragrans than in the other two species, and the pedicels are mostly shorter. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]
It appears to colonize bare areas and has been variously recorded as growing on sandy flats, sandy gravel, stony rocky clay, and sand on top of a quartzite hill, and sometimes dominant over considerable areas. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]
Sandy flats and stony clay. From: Snijman, DA. 2013. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 465-467. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
Manulea fragrans is widely distributed on the arid plateau of the northern Cape. The area of the species stretches eastwards from Zout Rivier through Calvinia to Victoria West and northwards to Kenhardt, Prieska, Douglas, De Aar and Hopetown divisions (I have seen no record between Springbok and Kenhardt). In the western part of its range, in Namaqualand and Calvinia divisions. From: Hilliard, OM. 1994. The Manuleae: a tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [All rights reserved]
Springbok to Bushmanland to Knersvlakte to Hantam, Roggeveld to Great Karoo. From: Snijman, DA. 2013. Scrophulariaceae: Manulea. In: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 465-467. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]
May to October
140 to 1220 m
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
Manulea pusilla E.Mey. ex Benth. var. insigniflora Diels
Classification
KINGDOM Plantae
SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae
PHYLUM Anthophyta
ORDER Lamiales
FAMILY Scrophulariaceae
TRIBE Limoselleae
GENUS Manulea
SPECIES fragrans
57 results for Manulea fragrans Schltr.
Barcode: PRE0526029-0 Collector(s) & number: Welman, WG, 102 | 1976-9-12
South Africa, Northern Cape, LOERIESFONTEIN; VOSFONTEIN; S. OF LOERIESFONTEIN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0209208-0 Collector(s) & number: Rosch, H, 358 | 2006-7-12
South Africa, Northern Cape, Foot of Roggeveld Mountains. Foot of Gannaga Pass. Farm: Gannaga (Tankwa National Park). 32°08'12.9" S; 20°04'15.8" E.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117138-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Schijff, HP, 7048 | 1967-7-20
South Africa, Northern Cape, WILLISTON; BUITE WILLISTON
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0880326-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 18219 | 2022-7-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, Carnavon District. Farm: Biesjes Dam 88. Just S of Harbeesberg.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0999689-0 Collector(s) & number: Goldblatt, P, 12050 | 2002-8-16
South Africa, Western Cape, Oudtshoorn District. Little Karoo west of De Rust, north of R29 in sucuulent karoo vegetation below Enon Conglomerata hills.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0739798-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, EGH, 8887 | 1986-9-4
South Africa, Northern Cape, ELANDSKOP; N OF HANTAMSBERG W SLOPES
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0880329-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 18222 | 2022-7-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, Carnavon District. Farm: Biesjes Dam 88. Just S of Harbeesberg.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0880330-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 18223 | 2022-7-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, Carnavon District. Farm: Biesjes Dam 88. Just S of Harbeesberg.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0205404-0 Collector(s) & number: Manning, JC, 3007 | 2006-7-22
South Africa, Northern Cape, Tanqua Karoo National Park, Varsfontein.
General notes: Succulent Karoo. Hill slope. Sandy soil. Full sun. No biotic effect seen. Herb. Flowers white to mauve.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117117-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 8110 | 1896-7-12
South Africa, Western Cape, VAN RHYNSDORP DIV. ZOUT RIVER
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0122283-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 18957 | 1956-8-23
South Africa, Northern Cape, CALVINIA DIV.; WOLWE GRAAFWATER
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0993341-0 Collector(s) & number: Goldblatt, P, 11786 | 2001-8-8
South Africa, Western Cape, Vanrhynsdorp. Road to Douse-the-Glim, clay flats.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0873371-0 Collector(s) & number: Koekemoer, M, 5220 | 2018-7-9
South Africa, Northern Cape, Spioenberg, S of the R63 about halfway between Williston and Carnavon turn-off Droëputs.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0873380-0 Collector(s) & number: Koekemoer, M, 5238 | 2018-7-10
South Africa, Northern Cape, Farm Titusfontein (Koedoesdraai) South of Williston in direction of Sutherland.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0526030-0 Collector(s) & number: Welman, WG, 92 | 1976-9-12
South Africa, Northern Cape, LOERIESFONTEIN; W. OF TOWN 8 KM. OUTSIDE LOERIESFONTEIN ON RD. TO NIEUWOUDTVILLE
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117123-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 12602 | 1946-5-6
South Africa, Northern Cape, DE AAR; QUAGGAFONTEIN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0591312-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, HM, 646 | 2004-8-28
South Africa, Western Cape, Ceres District: Tankwa Karoo National Park, near Paulshoek. On gravel road south of Paulshoek.
General notes: Slope: none. Basal rosette of leaves. Pale blue flowers.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0852311-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 7798 | 2007-8-7
South Africa, Northern Cape, Tankwa Karoo National Park. Plato above Elandsberg.
General notes: Biome: Succulent Karoo. Vegetation type: Lowland Succulent Karoo. Flowers white. Differently scented to SP Bester 7796.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0591687-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, HM, 531 | 2004-8-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, Calvinia District: between Calvinia and Middelpos; close to Bonekraal Farm.
General notes: Slope: none. Flowers with yellow throat.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0881162-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 18746 | 2022-9-6
South Africa, Northern Cape, Calvinia District. ca. 5 km N of Calvinia: Akkerendam Municipal Nature Reserve.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117131-0 Collector(s) & number: Schweickerdt, HGWJ, 2592 | 1961-8-20
South Africa, Northern Cape, CARNARVON; DROEPUTS
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0880323-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 18216 | 2022-7-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, Carnavon District. Farm: Biesjes Dam 88. Just S of Harbeesberg.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NH0134144-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Merwe, H, 193 | 2004-7-26
South Africa, Northern Cape, Roggeveld, Soekop. "Plukhok" camp.
General notes: Habitat: Karoo, veld type 28. Well-drained soil, red-brown sandy soil. Plateau. Roadside. Herb, 0.03m. Annual, prostrate. Flowers: white, yellow, purple. Local, common.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0844036-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, HM, 1425 | 2008-8-16
South Africa, Northern Cape, Tankwa Karoo National Park; Grasberg South 1103.
General notes: Vegetation type: Tanqua Karoo. White flowers; sweet scent.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0723792-0 Collector(s) & number: Herman, PPJ, 1065 | 1988-3-12
South Africa, Northern Cape, 30.7 KM SOUTHWEST OF BRITSTOWN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0877112-0 Collector(s) & number: Koekemoer, M, 5150 | 2018-7-6
South Africa, Northern Cape, Farm Aarkolk between Williston and Fraserburg.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0213456-0 Collector(s) & number: Goldblatt, P, 12752 | 2006-9-1
South Africa, Northern Cape, Agterhantam, 31.5 km along Klipwerf road from Calvinia. 31°13'49"S: 019°57'12"E. Coordinates: 31°13'81" S: 19°57'20" E. 3338 ft.
General notes: Dolerite clay flats.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117108-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 553 | 1896-7-12
South Africa, Western Cape, ZOUT RIVER
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0843924-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 7714 | 2007-8-4
South Africa, Western Cape, Farm: Koffiewater.
General notes: Biome: Succulent Karoo. Vegetation type: Lowland Succulent Karoo.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG0209271-0 Collector(s) & number: Rosch, H, 606 | 2006-9-20
South Africa, Northern Cape, Roggeveld. Droëkloof, next to road to Otterkuil. 31°54'49.6" S; 20°06'45.7" E.
General notes: Karoo vegetation. Ridge. Well-drained, red-brown, sandy, stony soil. Acock's Veld Type: 28. No biotic effect seen. S aspect. Level slope. Widespread, occasional. Annual, erect inflorescence, prostrate leaves, herb. White and yellow centre, mauve flowers. No fruit. Plant height 0.06 m. Photographed.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0796993-0 Collector(s) & number: Meyer, JJ, 174 | 1993-4-1
South Africa, Northern Cape, Wes Karoo; Williston; Platkop.
General notes: Karoo. Sandgrond. Rivierbedding. Vol son. Lig bewei. Plant hoogte: 2 cm. Pers blomme. Skaars.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117124-0 Collector(s) & number: Story, R, 1075 | 1946-5-6
South Africa, Northern Cape, DE AAR; QUAGGAFONTEIN; 14 M. W. OF DE AAR
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0484133-0 Collector(s) & number: Thompson, MF, 3118 | 1976-5-17
South Africa, Northern Cape, GANNAPAN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0852303-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 7757 | 2007-8-6
South Africa, Northern Cape, Tankwa Karoo National Park. Plains south of Elandsberg.
General notes: Biome: Succulent Karoo. Vegetation type: Lowland Succulent Karoo. Flowers fragrant.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG1481664-0 Collector(s) & number: Manning, JC, 3692 | 2018-7-26
South Africa, Northern Cape, Carnarvon, Stuurmansfontein.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: NBG1480039-0 Collector(s) & number: Goldblatt, P, 14133 | 2016-9-23
South Africa, Northern Cape, Williston. ca. 5 km north of Middelpos on main road to Calvinia.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0827873-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, EGH, 9505 | 1990-7-5
South Africa, Northern Cape, Vanrhynsdorp District: Kliprand area; hills between Dauws & Kamas, South East of Tafelkoppe. Granite ridge.
General notes: Det: J Beyers
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0858763-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 10701 | 2011-8-13
South Africa, Northern Cape, Calvinia District. Between Calvinia and Middelpos. Farm: Albertsfonteins Ruggens 741. 31°31'48.0"S 19°56'49.2"E.
General notes: Bioregion: Trans-Escarpment Succulent Karoo. Vegetation type: Hantam Karoo. Flower petals blue becoming white at base and yellow in throat. Tips of petals heavily serrated. Fragrant.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0858764-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 10702 | 2011-8-13
South Africa, Northern Cape, Calvinia District. Between Calvinia and Middelpos. Farm: Albertsfonteins Ruggens 741. 31°31'48.0"S 19°56'49.2"E.
General notes: Bioregion: Trans-Escarpment Succulent Karoo. Vegetation type: Hantam Karoo. Flower petals blue becoming white at base and yellow in throat. Tips of petals rounded. Not as fragrant as SPB10701.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0757514-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 7174 | 2006-8-8
South Africa, Northern Cape, Tankwa Karoo National Park. Northeastern slopes of Remhoogte, ca. 1 km south from Maansedam.
General notes: Biome: Succulent Karoo. Vegetation type: Lowland Succulent Karoo. Flowers white with some with a tinge of purple (even on the same plant). Aromatic, pleasantly scented.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0762533-0 Collector(s) & number: Bayer, MB, 5968 | 1990-8-1
South Africa, Western Cape, CERES; SADEWA FARM; 500 M NE OF FARMHOUSE
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0723852-0 Collector(s) & number: Herman, PPJ, 1114 | 1988-3-14
South Africa, Northern Cape, FARM RIETPOORT; 36 KM FROM VICTORIA WEST ON MAIN ROAD TO BRITSTOWN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117134-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Schijff, HP, 7048 | 1967-7-20
South Africa, Northern Cape, WILLISTON; OUTSIDE WILLISTON
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117109-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 8110 | 1896-7-12
South Africa, Western Cape, VAN RHYNSDORP. ZOUT RIVER
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0117080-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 12672 | 1946-5-13
South Africa, Northern Cape, PRIESKA DIV.; ANGELIERSPAN
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0758128-0 Collector(s) & number: Steyn, HM, 864 | 2006-8-3
South Africa, Northern Cape, Tankwa Karoo National Park. Sandy wash W of Leeuberg.
General notes: Slope: none. Flowers lilac/white - sweet scent; basal rosette of leaves.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0880328-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 18221 | 2022-7-24
South Africa, Northern Cape, Carnavon District. Farm: Biesjes Dam 88. Just S of Harbeesberg.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
2013
SERIES CHAPTER
Scrophulariaceae: Manulea Snijman, DAIn: DA Snijman (ed.), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 2: The Extra Cape flora. Strelitzia 30: 465-467
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
1994
1904
FLORA CHAPTER
XCV. Scrophulariaceae Hiern, WPIn: WT Thiselton-Dyer (ed.). Flora Capensis 4(1-3)121-420
Lovell Reeve & Co., London
1899
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Plantae Schlechterianae novae vel minus cognitae describuntur. II Schlechter, FRRBotanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 27: 86-220
1897
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
Diels, FLEBotanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 23:
No results found for Manulea fragrans Schltr.
Status and criteria
LC
Assessor(s)
Plantae Coordinator
GENERIC
Kupicha, F.K. 1983. Primulaceae. Edited by E. Launert. Flora Zambesiaca. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee. 7 (Part1):184-197
GENERIC
Kupicha, F.K. 1983. Sapotaceae. Edited by E. Launert. Flora Zambesiaca. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee. 7 (Part1):210-247
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