PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / MALVALES / MALVACEAE / MALVOIDEAE / MALVEAE / ANISODONTEA / CAPENSIS

Anisodontea capensis (L.) Bates
DD Indigenous Endemic
Morphological description

Subshrubs to about 1 m tall; mostly sparsely to copiously stellate-pubescent, the hairs sessile to short-stalked, the arms mostly 4-10, appressed, coarse or fine, up to about 1 mm long; sometimes with a minute-stellulate indumentum as well. Leaf blades yellowish-green, thin, up to 2.5 cm. long, shallowly to deeply 3-(or 5-) lobed, the terminal lobe about equal to or up to twice as long as the lateral lobes, lance-oblong to narrowly or broadly oblong-obovate or ovate, sometimes once to thrice pinnate-lobate in the upper half, the margins serrate to deeply and broadly crenate-dentate or entire below a trifid apex, the lateral lobes of similar shape but somewhat asymmetrical, spreading, with open sinuses or, when broad, often with narrow, nearly closed sinuses, the ventral surface smooth, glabrate to copiously but inconspicuously pubescent with simple or stellate hairs, the dorsal surface stellate-pubescent; stipules appressed, to 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad, deltoid-ovate to subulate. Inflorescence racemose, the flowers 1-2(-3) in the upper axils, erect in bud horizontal at anthesis; pedicels 2-25 mm long, not functionally articulate apically Involucral bracts 3, arising immediately below the calyx and appressed to it, green but often aging reddish-black, 1.5-5 mm long, 0.3-1 mm broad, filiform to oblong-oblanceolate, acute, the margins usually simple-ciliate. Calyx (4-)5-7(-9) mm long, slightly accrescent, copiously stellate-pubescent but the lobe margins usually simple-hirsute, the tube often whitish, the lobes greenish, spreading at anthesis generally aging reddish-black and clasping the fruit, 2.5-5(-7) mm long, 1.8-3.7 mm broad, deltoid to ovate, short-acuminate, about equaling to twice as long as the tube. Petals spreading in a flat whorl, not overlapping pale magenta grading to deep magenta above the auricles, 8-14 mm long 4-11 mm broad, obovate, obliquely rounded to bilobed apically, narrowed gradually or abruptly to the base, puberulent ventrally above the bearded auricles. Staminal column exserted, 4.5-7 mm long, pubescent centrally with a ring of spreading, simple to 4-5-branched hairs, the apex and filaments magenta; filaments to ca. 2 mm long, arising over the upper 1-2 mm of the column; anthers ca. 52-64, deep magenta. Fruit persistent, 5-6.3 mm in diam., discoid, without conspicuous grooves between the carpels, truncate or slightly concave at the style base, densely yellowish-pubescent apically and sometimes dorsally to near the base, the apical hairs mostly erect, setose, simple to few-branched, the dorsal hairs finer and more consistently stellate; carpels 9-12(-16), brownish or rarely reddish-brown, 2-2.4 mm high, 2.1-2.8 mm broad, depressed-orbicular to transversely elliptic in lateral view, the lateral walls smooth ventro-apically, otherwise fenestrate, the dorsolateral and basdateral edges often ridged, the endoglossum prominent. Seed solitary filling the lower cell, 1.3 x 1.3 to 1.9 x 1.7 mm, gray, reddish-brown, or reddish-black, papillate or ventrally puberulent. From: Bates, DM. 1969. Systematics of the South African genus Anisodontea Presl (Malvaceae). Gentes Herb. 10(3): 215-383. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the L.H. Bailey Hortorium; Dept. of Plant Biology - SIPS; Cornell University] [All rights reserved]

Subshrub, 0.75-1.20 m high; stellate-pubescent, hairs sessile to short stalked, arms 4-10. Leaves simple to 3- or 5-lobed, terminal lobe longest; upper surface yellowish green, margins deeply crenate-dentate, apex trifid. Racemes 1- or 2(3)-flowered in upper axils. Epicalyx bracts 3, filiform, margins ciliate. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals spreading in a flat whorl, pale to deep magenta, puberulent above bearded auricles. Staminal tube exserted; filaments in upper 2 mm of column, 2 mm long, anthers 52-64, magenta. Style branches as many as carpels. Flowering time Nov.-Apr. Fruit a schizocarp, discoid, truncate. Mericarps 9-12, reddish brown. Seeds reddish brown, papillate, ventrally puberulent. From: Bredenkamp, CL. 2019. Malvaceae s.l. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2): 1181-1216. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Diagnostic description

The most complex problems of A. capensis have revolved about its typification and the general misapplication of the epithet to those forms included in this revision under A. scabrosa. These problems have been considered earlier in this paper in the discussion of the typification of these two species. In connection with the problems of typification, it has been necessary to consider a great number of specimens of cultivated material collected principally from the middle 1700 s to the early 1800’s. These are found in nearly all the older European herbarii and represent an array of forms which may be A. capensis, A. scabrosa, or garden hybrids with these or other taxa as their parents. I have not cited these, except for those few which have bearing on particular problems, for they are not duplicated in the wild and often cannot be assigned to a species. Their only value is as documentation of the early cultivation and hybridization of members of the genus. Fortunately, the collections from the wild present far fewer problems than those from cultivation. Despite a distribution that occurs disjunctly across the Great Karoo Basin, supporting the view that populations of this species have long been isolated, A. capensis is one of the morphologically more uniform species of the genus. The most a typical collection is that taken by Alexander-Prior; the relatively large calyces with acute lobes give it, more than others, an aspect of A. pseudocapensis. Despite the general resemblance of A. capensis to A. pseudocapensis, it is unlikely that the former has been derived from the latter. The two species have very different carpels; on the lateral walls those of A. pseudocapensis have a pattern of transverse thickenings while those of A. capensis are fenestrate. In other characters, particularly those of the corolla and androecium, these species are also distinct. The fenestrate pattern of the lateral walls is duplicated in the biovulate A. theronii, but A. capensis otherwise shows no special affinity with this or any other species from the section Endoglossophorae or, in fact, with any other uniovulate species. The thesis that A. capensis and the other uniovulate species have probably evolved from pluriovulate ancestors is enhanced by the observation of a biovulate carpel among the otherwise uniovulate carpels of the Zeyher collection (probably the same as that distributed as Ecklon ir Zeyher 294). A similar collection has been made in A. scabrosa, and, since this represents a condition not easily noted, it may occur with greater frequency than is generally supposed. The geographic range of A. capensis overlaps that of A. reflexa in the Zwartberg Pass area of Prince Albert District. There is no evidence that the two species hybridize in nature, but the limited data that are available suggest that the two may actually be ecologically isolated. Anisodontea capensis has been recorded at an elevation of about 5000 feet but A. reflexa is known only from recorded elevations of less than 3000 feet in this region. From: Bates, DM. 1969. Systematics of the South African genus Anisodontea Presl (Malvaceae). Gentes Herb. 10(3): 215-383. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the L.H. Bailey Hortorium; Dept. of Plant Biology - SIPS; Cornell University] [All rights reserved]

Habitat

Near rivers, karroid mountain veld, karroid false macchia; Upper Karoo. From: Bredenkamp, CL. 2019. Malvaceae s.l. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2): 1181-1216. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Distribution

Cape Province, local and quite rare in widely scattered localities in the districts of Victoria West, Richmond, Middelburg, Beaufort West, Graaff Reinet, Prince Albert, and Uniondale. From: Bates, DM. 1969. Systematics of the South African genus Anisodontea Presl (Malvaceae). Gentes Herb. 10(3): 215-383. [Permission to reproduce this work was granted to SANBI by the L.H. Bailey Hortorium; Dept. of Plant Biology - SIPS; Cornell University] [All rights reserved]

Flowering time

November to April

Altitude

500 to 2167 m

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

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Residence status

Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature

FSA

SA

BOT

NAM

ESW

LES

WC

EC

NC

FS

GA

KZN

LP

MP

NW

Absent

Indigenous

Endemic

Naturalised

Invasive

Names and Sources

Accepted name
Anisodontea capensis (L.) Bates
Synonym(s)

Malva capensis L. var. capensis


Malva debilis Salisb., nom.illegit.


Malva dilleniana Eckl. & Zeyh.


Malva divaricata Andrews


Malva microphylla E.Mey., nom.nud.


Malva oxyacanthoides auct., sensu Eckl. & Zeyh.


Malva virgata Murray, nom.illegit.


Malvastrum capense (L.) A.Gray & Harv.


Malvastrum capense (L.) A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrescens Harv.


Malvastrum divaricatum (Andrews) A.Gray & Harv.


Malvastrum virgatum (Murray) A.Gray & Harv.


Malvastrum virgatum (Murray) A.Gray & Harv. var. dillenianum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.


Malveopsis capensis (L.) Kuntze


Malveopsis divaricata (Andrews) Kuntze


Malveopsis virgata (Murray) Kuntze


Classification

KINGDOM Plantae

SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae

PHYLUM Anthophyta

ORDER Malvales

FAMILY Malvaceae

SUBFAMILY Malvoideae

TRIBE Malveae

GENUS Anisodontea

SPECIES capensis

20 results for Anisodontea capensis (L.) Bates

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Specimen records

Barcode: NBG1571811-0 Collector(s) & number: Jordaan, PG, s.n. | 1933-1-25

South Africa, Western Cape, Cape Agulhas.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0731079-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, A 76 | 1886-5-

South Africa, Western Cape, CAMP'S BAY

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0006910-0 Collector(s) & number: Wood, JM, 3047 | 1884-5-5

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Izingolweni.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0276686-0 Collector(s) & number: Drege, PRE 21618 | -11-

South Africa, Northern Cape, NIEUWEVELD; BOKPOORT; ON HILLS AND MT. AT BOKPOORT

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0002325-0 Collector(s) & number: Wood, JM, 3047 | 1884-5-

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Izingolweni.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0276691-0 Collector(s) & number: Marsh, JA, 939 | 1968-9-19

South Africa, Western Cape, 15 MI. FROM WITSANDS TO MALGAS

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0567044-0 Collector(s) & number: Burgers, CJ, 3213 | 1983-10-1

South Africa, Western Cape, Witkop 15km ESE of Stormsvlei.

General notes: Small colony of 10 plants seen.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0024086-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, 748 | 1926-1-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Eerste River. Humansdorp district.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0276688-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 16575 | 1952-11-14

South Africa, Eastern Cape, MIDDELBURG DIST.; GORDONVILLE

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0276692-0 Collector(s) & number: Esterhuysen, EE, 6522 | 1941-11-4

South Africa, Western Cape, UNIONDALE DIV.; LAUDINA

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1571753-0 Collector(s) & number: Marsh, JA, 939 | 1968-9-19

South Africa, Western Cape, Bredasdorp. 15 mls from Witsands to Malgas.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0008388-0 Collector(s) & number: Cooper, T, 36 | 1860--

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Bank of Buffalo river.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0276694-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, 10981 | 1921-11-

South Africa, Western Cape, UNIONDALE; UNIONDALE ROAD ON SHALE HILL

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0276687-0 Collector(s) & number: Acocks, JPH, 15836 | 1950-4-27

South Africa, Northern Cape, RICHMOND DIST.; RHENOSTERFONTEIN; S. OF RIVER

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0504297-0 Collector(s) & number: Lavranos, JJ, 12923 | 1976-4-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Near top of Prince Alfred's Pass.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0067655-0 Collector(s) & number: Coleman, TA, 591 | 1972-8-5

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Transkei. Msikaba. Coast.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0210386-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 6227 | 2005-12-9

South Africa, Western Cape, Top of Molteno Pass.

General notes: Biome: Nama Karoo. Vegetation type: Eastern Mixed Nama Karoo. Flowers pink with bright green leaves.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0753219-0 Collector(s) & number: Bester, SP, 6227 | 2005-12-9

South Africa, Western Cape, Top of Molteno Pass.

General notes: Biome: Nama Karoo. Vegetation type: Eastern Mixed Nama Karoo. Flowers pink with bright green leaves.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0074937-0 Collector(s) & number: Nicholson, HB, 2274 | 1982-7-29

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Umtamvuna Reserve.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0053316-0 Collector(s) & number: Nicholson, HB, 283 | 1965-7-29

South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Port Shepstone. Izingolweni. Near Horseshoe Fram.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Plant occurence records per dataset

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Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

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2019

SERIES CHAPTER

Malvaceae s.l. Bredenkamp, CL

In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2)1181-1216

South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria

2012

SERIES CHAPTER

Malvaceae Manning, JC; Goldblatt, P

In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 613-621

South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria

1969

PERIODICAL/JOURNAL

Systematics of the South African genus Anisodontea Presl (Malvaceae) Bates, DM

Gentes Herbarum 10(3)215-383

No results found for Anisodontea capensis (L.) Bates

Status

Status and criteria

DD

Assessor(s)

Plantae Coordinator

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