PLANTAE / PHANEROGAMAE / ANTHOPHYTA / OXALIDALES / OXALIDACEAE / OXALIS / INCARNATA

Oxalis incarnata L.
LC Indigenous Endemic
Morphological description

Erect, caulescent, branching, 10-30 cm high, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on the younger parts. Bulb ovoid or narrow-ovoid, up to 2 cm long, with a short curved beak, the outer tunics minutely puberulous, palish brown; bulbils forming both on the rhizome and in the leaf axils, the latter up to 1 cm long. Rhizome long, slender. Stem slender, branching from the leaf axils, the internodes 1-7 cm long. Leaves mostly in pseudo-whorls of 4-10, the lower sometimes opposite; petioles slender, 2-6 cm long, dilated below the articulation; leaflets 3, shortly petiolulate, broadly or very broadly obcordate, tapering cuneately to the base, 0.5-1.5 cm long, 0.8-2 cm broad, thin, often livid beneath, folding downwards at night. Peduncles 1-fld., terminal or in the upper leaf axils, 3-7 cm long, with 2 opposite callose bracts at an articulation above the middle. Sepals oblong, subacute, 4-6 mm long, with several converging light brown calli near the apex. Corolla 1.2-2 cm long, white or very pale lilac, with a rather broad pale greenish tube; petals obliquely subcuneate, slightly attenuate into a claw, minutely papillate at the base, rounded or somewhat truncate at the apex. Filaments, the longer 4-6.5 mm long, pubescent, with conspicuous swollen obtuse teeth. Ovary pubescent on the upper half, the chambers 1-ovuled; styles pubescent, with small green stigmas. The short-styled form appears to be very rare, if existent at all. Seeds endospermous. FIowering is noted as Aug.-Sep., Jan.-Apl. From: Salter, TM. 1944. The genus Oxalis in South Africa: A taxonomic revision. J. S. African Bot. 1: 1-355. [CC BY]

Caulescent geophyte, up to 0.3 m high. Bulbs ovoid, pale brown. Stem slender, branched. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obcordate. Flowers white or pale lilac with greenish tube. Flowering time Aug., Sept. From: Dreyer, LL; Oberlander, KC. 2019. Oxalidaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2): 1280-1284. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Caulescent geophyte with slender, branched stem, 10-30 cm. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obcordate. Flowers white or pale lilac with greenish tube, peduncle articulated. From: Bayer, B. 2012. Oxalidaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 633-640. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Habitat

A shade-loving species. From: Salter, TM. 1944. The genus Oxalis in South Africa: A taxonomic revision. J. S. African Bot. 1: 1-355. [CC BY]

Sandy soil, shady places, in forests; Indigenous Forests. From: Dreyer, LL; Oberlander, KC. 2019. Oxalidaceae. In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2): 1280-1284. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Shady sites, 50-300 m. From: Bayer, B. 2012. Oxalidaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 633-640. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Distribution

Cape Peninsula to Uitenhague. From: Salter, TM. 1944. The genus Oxalis in South Africa: A taxonomic revision. J. S. African Bot. 1: 1-355. [CC BY]

Cape Peninsula to Uitenhage. From: Bayer, B. 2012. Oxalidaceae. In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 633-640. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. [CC BY]

Flowering time

January to April

Altitude

50 to 300 m

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: BODATSA: Data partners records:

Residence status

Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature

FSA

SA

BOT

NAM

ESW

LES

WC

EC

NC

FS

GA

KZN

LP

MP

NW

Absent

Indigenous

Endemic

Naturalised

Invasive

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Names and Sources

Accepted name
Oxalis incarnata L.
Synonym(s)

Classification

KINGDOM Plantae

SUBKINGDOM Phanerogamae

PHYLUM Anthophyta

ORDER Oxalidales

FAMILY Oxalidaceae

GENUS Oxalis

SPECIES incarnata

66 results for Oxalis incarnata L.

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Specimen records

Barcode: NBG0268345-0 Collector(s) & number: Tywalana, M, 44 | 2011-10-18

South Africa, Western Cape, Next to the IT and Admn parking, SANBI Kirstenbosch. 33°35'30.4"S 18°15'42.08"E.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0024100-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, A763 | 1926-10-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Clarkson

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527715-0 Collector(s) & number: Dahlstrand, KA, 1366 | 1969-11-13

South Africa, Western Cape, Keurbooms Rivier Forest Reserve. Along a small river 5 miles N.E. Forest Reserve Office.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527722-0 Collector(s) & number: Boucher, C, 922 | 1969-12-3

South Africa, Western Cape, Kogelberg Forest Reserve. 34°20'S 18°57.3 E 3418BD.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527721-0 Collector(s) & number: Botha, MS, 18 | 1992-8-15

South Africa, Western Cape, South-west Cape. 3418BD. Lat: 34 20'15' Long: 18 51'45'. Kogelberg State Forest.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0746362-0 Collector(s) & number: Schlechter, FRR, 5953 | 1894-11-13

South Africa, Eastern Cape, STORMSRIVER; IN SHADY PLACES

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0550176-0 Collector(s) & number: Geldenhuys, CJ, 431 | 1977-2-22

South Africa, Western Cape, GOUNA LILYVLEI; OPENING NABY MICHIEL SE KRUIS

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527712-0 Collector(s) & number: Geldenhuys, CJ, 431 | 1977-2-22

South Africa, Western Cape, Knysna district. Redelik volop in 'n opening naby Michiel se Kruis.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527709-0 Collector(s) & number: Wurts, TM, 361 | 1952-9-20

South Africa, Western Cape, Below 10 0'clock. Mt Swellendam. C.P.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454829-0 Collector(s) & number: Long, FR, 992 | 1933-7-22

South Africa, Eastern Cape, PORT ELIZABETH; BAAKENS RIVER NAT. RES.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0024099-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, A762 | 1925-12-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Kareedouw.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0989850-0 Collector(s) & number: Potgieter, FJ, FP01575 | 2002-8-21

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Witelsbos Plantasie (Tsitsikamma).

General notes: Voucher: photo, spirit material.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454822-0 Collector(s) & number: Smart, W, TRV 22801 | 1921-9-

South Africa, Western Cape, PLETTENBERG BAY

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454839-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, IB, PRE 56439 | 1974-10-3

South Africa, Western Cape, JONKERSHOEK; FARM EIK EN HOEK

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454824-0 Collector(s) & number: Zeyher, CLP, 121B | 1847-4-

South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE TOWN

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454836-0 Collector(s) & number: Boucher, C, 922 | 1969-12-3

South Africa, Western Cape, KOGELBERG FOR. RES.; OUDEBOSCH

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454827-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, A762 | 1925-12-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, HUMANSDORP DIV.; KAREEDOUW

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454831-0 Collector(s) & number: Theron, GC, 1757 | 1955-9-4

South Africa, Western Cape, KNYSNA DIV.; KEURBOOMS STRAND

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527703-0 Collector(s) & number: Tyson, W, 2277 | 1877-10-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Port Elizabeth.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527700-0 Collector(s) & number: Williams, I, 3147 | 1981-10-10

South Africa, Western Cape, Vogelgat Kloof. Coleonema Bridge, Caledon Division.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454823-0 Collector(s) & number: Breijer, HG, TRV 23612 | 1921-3-

South Africa, Western Cape, KNYSNA; HACKERVILLE

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0775471-0 Collector(s) & number: Joffe, H, 888 | 1990-10-20

South Africa, Western Cape, TOUWSRAND FARM; NEAR FARM ON ROAD FROM GEORGE TO KARATARA

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: GHPG$0000128-0 Collector(s) & number: Joubert, CE, 293 | 1998-9-10

South Africa, Western Cape, Hangklip subregion, Betty's Bay, HPNBG., E. of Erica section, near stream. Det: C.E. Joubert 10/88.

General notes: Genus: 3936

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454837-0 Collector(s) & number: Taylor, HC, 7807 | 1970-10-31

South Africa, Eastern Cape, STORMS RIVER FOR.; 1 MI. E OF INN

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527718-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, s.n. | 1897-10-

South Africa, Western Cape, Table Mt (Claremont). C.P.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527724-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, R, 2752 | --

South Africa, Western Cape, S.W.Cape. Cape Peninsula. Table Mt, Orange Kloof.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527720-0 Collector(s) & number: Bond, WJ, 1142 | 1977-11-9

South Africa, Western Cape, Swartberg Pass above road near 2nd plantation.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527704-0 Collector(s) & number: Ebersohn, W, 163 | 1970-11-11

South Africa, Western Cape, Disa Kloof, Harold Porter Botanic Gdn. Betty's Bay.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527713-0 Collector(s) & number: Taylor, HC, 7999 | 1971-10-19

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Lilyvlei Nature Reserve- Gouna.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527726-0 Collector(s) & number: Bayer, MB, 5118 | --

South Africa, Western Cape, Newlands Ravine.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527723-0 Collector(s) & number: Oliver, I, s.n. | 1974-10-3

South Africa, Western Cape, Jonkershoek, farm 'Eik-en-Hoek'

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: GHPG$0001609-0 Collector(s) & number: Forrester, JA, 1477 | 2001-11-7

South Africa, Western Cape, Hangklip subregion, Betty's Bay, Harold Porter NBG., southernmost boundary of Area 28 near footpath crossing dried stream. Det: C.E. Joubert 2001.

General notes: Colouring of petals similar to that of single O.incarnata, but these flowers are definitely "doubles", looking very much like Impatiens grown in gardens. O.incarnata single occurs in many places in the garden, usually in partial to full shade. This is on

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527710-0 Collector(s) & number: Joffe, H, 888 | 1990-10-20

South Africa, Western Cape, Near farm 'Touwsrand'on road from George to Karatara.

General notes: Voucher for slides taken.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454830-0 Collector(s) & number: Marloth, HWR, PRE 2752 | 1903-11-

South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE PENINSULA; ORANGE KLOOF

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454832-0 Collector(s) & number: Mogg, AOD, PRE 56436 | 1925-11-

South Africa, Western Cape, GEORGE DIV.; WILDERNESS; FOR. FLOOR

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454819-0 Collector(s) & number: Young, RGN, TRV 26941 | 1925-8-

South Africa, Western Cape, CAPE TOWN; WASTE LAND TO E. OF TOWN

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0815370-0 Collector(s) & number: Von Breitenbach, JM, 122 | 1970-12-22

South Africa, Western Cape, George District: Saasveld.

General notes: Det: A.V. Hall Conf: L. Dreyer

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454834-0 Collector(s) & number: Prov. Admin., 226 | --

South Africa, Western Cape, GOUKAMMA NAT. RES.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454821-0 Collector(s) & number: Knobel, M, TRV 23755 | 1882-7-27

South Africa, Western Cape, WELLINGTON

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454828-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, A763 | 1926-10-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, HUMANSDORP DIV.; CLARKSON

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454833-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Merwe, P, 23-60 | 1960-9-14

South Africa, Western Cape, STELLENBOSCH DIV.; SWARTBOSKLOOF

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0588409-0 Collector(s) & number: Meyer, JJ, 3774 | 2001-8-13

South Africa, Western Cape, Between Montagu and Matroosberg. (Touwsrivier).

General notes: Mountain renosterveld. Road cutting. Steep slope. Fruit absent

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0814953-0 Collector(s) & number: Frew, J, 18 | 1971-2-11

South Africa, Western Cape, George District: Saasveld.

General notes: Det: A.V. Hall Conf: L. Dreyer

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527702-0 Collector(s) & number: Van Jaarsveld, EJ, 3104 | 1977-11-26

South Africa, Western Cape, Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0594883-0 Collector(s) & number: Forrester, JA, 1477 | 2001-11-7

South Africa, Western Cape, Betty's Bay. Harold Porter NBG. Southern most boundary of Area 28 near footpath crossing dry stream.

General notes: Slightly damp. Slope: gentle. Colouring of petals similar to the single Oxalis incarnata but these flowers are definitely "doubles", looking very much like the double impatiens grown in gardens. Oxalis incarnata single occurs in many places in the garden, usually in partial to full shade. The other area where this double form was found was above the Disa Kloof waterfall on the W bank of the municipal dam. Conf.: T Nkonki, 20/06/2003.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454818-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Schijff, HP, 7275 | 1967-9-3

South Africa, Western Cape, GROOT RIVER FOR

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0459906-0 Collector(s) & number: Thompson, MF, 606 | 1967-9-28

South Africa, Western Cape, 31 MI. NW. OF KNYSNA BEYOND HOOGEKRAAL

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0551145-0 Collector(s) & number: Geldenhuys, CJ, 431 | 1977-2-22

South Africa, Western Cape, GOUNA LILYVLEI; OPENING NABY MICHIEL SE KRUIS

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: GHPG$0001380-0 Collector(s) & number: Ebersohn, W, 163 | 1970-11-11

South Africa, Western Cape, Hangklip subregion, Betty's Bay, Harold Porter Botanic Garden, Disa Kloof.

General notes: Det: M.L. Negin.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG1527714-0 Collector(s) & number: Taylor, HC, 7807 | 1970-10-31

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Storms River Forest- c. 1 mile east of Inn.

General notes: Fairly frequent.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0170342-0 Collector(s) & number: Joubert, CE, 293 | 1998-9-10

South Africa, Western Cape, Betty's Bay. Harold Porter NBG. End of Ericascitiou, near stream.

General notes: Humus. Sandy/stony. Moist. Shaded. Aspect: SE. Gentle slope. Plant height: 15cm. Flowers appear white, actually very pale mauve. Abundant.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0815531-0 Collector(s) & number: Rycroft, HB, 1077 | 1945-12-4

South Africa, Western Cape, Stellenbosch District: Jonkershoek; Biesievlei.

General notes: Det: H.B. Rycroft Conf: T.M. Salter

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0720145-0 Collector(s) & number: Vorster, PJ, 2264 | 1973-10-3

South Africa, Eastern Cape, CHALUMNA RIVER MOUTH

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NH0021970-0 Collector(s) & number: Thode, J, s.n. | 1926-10-

South Africa, Eastern Cape, Clarkson.

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: NBG0169188-0 Collector(s) & number: Runnalls, P, 755 | 1994-10-14

South Africa, Western Cape, Somerset West. Helderberg Nature Reserve. Disa Gorge.

General notes: Forest leaf mould in total shade. Trailing. Branches with whole plants at intervals. Flowers pale mauve/white

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Barcode: PRE0454838-0 Collector(s) & number: Van der Schijff, HP, 7275 | 1967-9-3

South Africa, Western Cape, RIVERSDALE; GROOT RIVER FOR

Data Resource: BODATSA View record

Observation records

Date: 10/8/2017 1:48:00 PM

Western Cape, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 11/19/2017 11:26:00 AM

Western Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 10/21/2017 2:41:00 PM

Western Cape, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 11/20/2017 10:43:44 AM

Western Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 11/18/2017 11:45:00 AM

Western Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 10/11/2012 12:00:00 AM

Western Cape, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 10/22/2012 12:00:00 AM

Western Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 11/2/2012 12:00:00 AM

Western Cape, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 11/29/2012 12:00:00 AM

Western Cape

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Date: 9/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Western Cape, South Africa

Data Resource: iNaturalist View record

Plant occurence records per dataset

Plant occurence records per year

Occurrence records map

This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations

iNaturalist: BODATSA: Data partners records:

2019

SERIES CHAPTER

Oxalidaceae Dreyer, LL; Oberlander, KC

In: CL Bredenkamp (ed.), A Flora of the Eastern Cape Province. Strelitzia 41(2)1280-1284

South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria

2012

SERIES CHAPTER

Oxalidaceae Bayer, B

In: J Manning & P Goldblatt (eds), Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region 1: The Core Cape flora. Strelitzia 29: 633-640

South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria

1958

PERIODICAL/JOURNAL

Oxalis incarnata L. Salter, TM; Page, MM

Flowering Plants of South Africa 32: , t.1275

1944

PERIODICAL/JOURNAL

The genus Oxalis in South Africa: A taxonomic revision Salter, TM

Journal of South African Botany 1: 1-355

No results found for Oxalis incarnata L.

Status

Global

Status and criteria

LC

Assessment date

2016-01-14

Assessor(s)

Plantae Coordinator

Distribution

Range

<p><span lang="EN-US">The Least Dwarf Shrew has a seemingly wide African distribution: It is found in South Africa and Kenya (Rumruti and Rongai), with additional isolated records from Central African Republic and Cameroon. It possibly occurs in Uganda, however, this needs to be confirmed. Thus, it has a disjunct distribution between the South African population and populations in east and central Africa. Additionally, it is thought to be a species complex and molecular research may reveal the South African population to be an endemic species. Thus, we call this species Near Endemic currently.</p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Within the assessment region, it occurs extensively in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces, and marginally in the North West, Free State, and Western Cape provinces (Skinner &amp; Chimimba 2005). A single specimen has been collected from Malolotja Nature Reserve in the highveld region of Swaziland (Monadjem 1998).</span></p>

Habitat and ecology

Major system

Terrestrial

Major habitats

<p><span lang="EN-US">It has a broad habitat tolerance, occurring in primary forest, montane grassland, subtropical grasslands savannah, bushveld and suburban or rural gardens (Taylor 1998; Skinner &amp; Chimimba 2005). In Kenya (Rongai), it was found on agricultural land. At Phinda Private Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal Province, it was sampled in flood plain grasslands and woodlands (Rautenbach et al. 2014). Interestingly, it was sampled, along with <em>Dendromus mystacalis </em>(together the two most uncommon species sampled), in Kikuyu (<em>Pennisetum clandestinum</em>) pastures in Umvoti Vlei Conservancy, KwaZulu-Natal Province, despite this habitat having low small mammal abundance overall (Fuller &amp; Perrin 2001). It is commonly associated with disused termite mounds from the species <em>Trinervitermes trinervoides</em> (Lynch 1983), presumably used for thermoregulation. They are insectivorous and have been recorded in Barn Owl pellets (Skinner &amp; Chimimba 2005). In Swaziland, this species has been collected from a rocky outcrop in Highveld sour grassland (Monadjem 1998).</p> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Ecosystem and cultural services: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">An important prey species.</p>

Threats

The main threat to shrews is the loss or degradation of moist, productive areas such as wetlands and rank grasslands within suitable habitat. The two main drivers behind this are abstraction of surface water and draining of wetlands through industrial and residential expansion, and overgrazing of moist grasslands, which leads to the loss of ground cover and decreases small mammal diversity and abundance (Bowland & Perrin 1989, 1993). Suppression of natural ecosystem processes, such as fire, can also lead to habitat degradation through bush encroachment or loss of plant diversity through alien invasives, and is suspected to be increasing with human settlement expansion. There are also clear overlaps and synergistic effects between these threats. Across South Africa, 65% of wetland ecosystem types are threatened (48% of all wetland types Critically Endangered, 12% Endangered and 5% Vulnerable; Driver et al. 2012).

Climate change is considered to be the principal emerging threat to this species (Ogony 2014), both due to loss of habitat and habitat degradation from drying out of wetlands and because shrews cannot tolerate extremes of temperature for long and thus their foraging time will be reduced. Because of their high metabolism, low dispersal capacity and short life spans, climate change may reduce the amount of suitable habitat available.

Population

Population trend

<p><span lang="EN-US">This species has an extremely small body size (2.5–3 g, Skinner &amp; Chimimba 2005), and thus rarely triggers<span lang="EN-US"> traps during field surveys. As such, it is often overlooked and may be commoner than thought. For example, it probably occurs throughout the woodland areas of eastern North West Province (Power 2014). Similarly, it was recently regularly sampled at Phinda Private Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal Province across multiple habitats (Rautenbach et al. 2014), and regularly and widely elsewhere in KwaZulu-Natal (J. Harvey unpubl. data). Considering it is rare in museum collections (P. Taylor pers. comm. 2015), this is an important finding.&#160;</span></p>

Bibliography

ELECTRONIC SOURCE
IUCN 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1

ELECTRONIC SOURCE
IUCN 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samways, M.J. 2006. National Red List of South African Odonata. Odonatologica. 35:341-368

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samways, M.J. 1999. Diversity and conservation status of South African dragonflies (Odonata). Odonatologica. 28:13-62

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