Terricolous, on damp soil: thallose, medium-sized, green; shoots erect, dendroid, in crowded tufts, expanded into flabellate aerial fronds; once dichotomously branched, to several (2-4) times. Terminal branches generally 6 or 7(8), very rarely 11 in older plants, up to 10 mm long and tapering distally; proximal branches 2-5 x 1.0-1.7 mm and 165 µm thick over costa, apices blunt to rounded, entire or slightly notched, bearing 2-celled slime papillae; central conducting strand visible from above and bifurcating some distance below separation of branches; margins of wings with small remote teeth in sterile plants, but with prominent spines in male and some female plants, lacking slime papillae, plane to undulate, bilaterally rather gradually expanded. Stipe ascending, wingless and unbranched, purplish red, basally bearing some rhizoids, ± 10 x 500 µm, with single strand below, double strand above. Rhizome horizontally creeping, branched, dark brown, embedded in the soil, in section cortical cells with outer walls slightly thickened, medullary cells thin-walled, larger, ± 45 µm wide, central strand cells thick-walled, 7.5 µm wide. Rhizoids mostly ventral, smooth, brownish, slightly thick-walled, ± 12.5 µm wide. Wings with forwardly directed marginal teeth, sometimes curved and projecting at angles of 20°-90°, low and blunt, or up to (3)4 or 5 cells long, basally 2 to 4 cells wide, tapering to pointed uniseriate apices; marginal cells from above rectangular or polygonal, 30-52 x 17-25 µm, laminal cells hexagonal, ± 70 x 30 µm, epidermal cells above midrib rectangular, 35-47 x 20-22 µm, all containing up to 9 spindle- or rod-shaped bodies, finely granulose, ± 10 µm long, as well as numerous rounded chloroplasts, 2.5 µm wide: in section wings unistratose along margins for 6-8 cell rows, then 2, soon 3 cell layers deep, grading into thickened costa, parenchymal cells enclosed by chlo rophyllose epidermis above and below, colourless and empty, rounded, up to 45 x 45 µm. Costa with central conducting strand up to 50 x 50 µm, consisting of a group of ± 11 thick-walled and elongated, brown, sclerenchymal cells, ± 5 µm wide, surrounded by parenchymal cells. Dioicous. Androecia above and lateral to costa, covering dorsal central parts of segments of once or twice dichotomously branched, backwardly arched frond, margins of segments undulate, prominently toothed; antheridia numerous not in distinct rows but crowded together, up to 4 alongside each other, globose, 225 x 200 µm, yellowing with age, in axils of and covered by apically directed, dentate to laciniate scales, the latter imbricate, frequently connate at the bases, turning orange, laciniae up to 400 µm long, apically uniseriate, 3 or 4(6) cell rows wide basally, cells up to 75 x 22 µm. Gynoecia single, dorsally situated immediately distal to a bifurcation in lower part of frond, which when young is somewhat funnel-shaped with connivent wings. Involucre cup-like, surrounding a group of archegonia, basally 4 cell layers thick in transverse section, otherwise 2- or 3-layered, 1300 µm high, including laciniae 375 µm long projecting upwards from the mouth, 2750 µm wide when opened up and spread out. Pseudoperianth developing inside involucre after fertilization, becoming cylindrical and eventually ± 4500 µm long, 3 or 4 cell layers thick, irregularly laciniate at mouth, laciniae up to 330 µm long, uniseriate above, 3 or 4 arising from each basal part, up to 500 x 300 µm, separated from each other by slits, sometimes with 2-celled slime papillae at the base, outer cells hexagonal, ± 70 x 37 µm above, elongating to ± 200 x 37 µm below. Calyptra initially enclosing capsule and seta, inserted into mature pseudoperianth and basally fused with it, 2825 x 750 µm, creamish white, at apex old archegonial neck projecting and at sides several unfertilized archegonia as well as 4-celled slime papillae, 67 x 15 µm, mostly 2 cell layers thick, outer cells smaller, 60-75 x 30 µm, irregularly shaped, with sinuous walls. Capsule cylindrical, 1050 x 750 µm, brown, containing a mass of spores and elaters without elaterophore, wall bistratose, with outer cells up to 75 x 20 µm, lacking band-like thickenings, eventually perforating top of calyptra and carried aloft as seta elongates, dehiscing by 2 slits. With the valves coherent. Seta before elongation and when still enclosed by calyptra, ± 875 µm long, diameter in section 450 µm, cortical cells 27.5-37.5 x 32.5-37.5 µm, in ± 43 cell rows, medullary cells, 30.0-52.5 µm wide, angular, ± nine across; foot 625 µm long, narrowing to a pointed base. Spores light brown, globular to oval, 25-32 µm in diameter, ornamentation cristate with numerous short and long, branched and unbranched, bent or curved ridges, in between with short rods and dots, 2.5 µm high, expanded and flattened on top: proximal face, besides being ornamented as described above, also with a discrete, round area, ± 10 µm wide, lacking ridges and with only a few granules visible. Elaters light brown, tapering slightly at ends, up to 290 x 7.5 µm in the centre, 2-spiral. From: Perold, SM. 1993. The hepatic, Jensenia spinosa (= Pallavicinia stephanii: Pallaviciniaceae). in southern Africa. Bothalia 23(2): 223-229. [CC BY]
Generally from high elevations. From: Perold, SM. 1993. The hepatic, Jensenia spinosa (= Pallavicinia stephanii: Pallaviciniaceae). in southern Africa. Bothalia 23(2): 223-229. [CC BY]
Besides the type locality in southern Africa, J. spinosa is known elsewhere in Africa from Malawi, Tanzania, Rwanda and Zaire, as well as from the islands Mauritius, Reunion and St Helena (Grolle 1979), generally from high elevations. Vana et al. (1979) reported it as Pallavicinia stephanii from Rwanda and Reunion. It is therefore quite widespread, but scarce. From: Perold, SM. 1993. The hepatic, Jensenia spinosa (= Pallavicinia stephanii: Pallaviciniaceae). in southern Africa. Bothalia 23(2): 223-229. [CC BY]
0 to 1500 m
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
Occurrence in the Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) countries and South African provinces. Residence status indicates if a taxon is indigenous, endemic, naturalised or invasive in a specific region. This data is based on specimen records and literature
FSA
SA
BOT
NAM
ESW
LES
WC
EC
NC
FS
GA
KZN
LP
MP
NW
Absent
Indigenous
Endemic
Naturalised
Invasive
Names and Sources
Jensenia stephanii (J.B.Jack) E.W.Jones
Pallavicinia stephanii J.B.Jack
Symphyogyna spinosa Lindenb. & Gottsche
Classification
KINGDOM Plantae
SUBKINGDOM Cryptogamae
PHYLUM Marchantiophyta
CLASS Jungermanniopsida
SUBCLASS Pelliidae
ORDER Pallaviciniales
FAMILY Pallaviciniaceae
GENUS Jensenia
SPECIES spinosa
15 results for Jensenia spinosa (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Grolle
Barcode: PRE0837407-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4066 | 1998-6-17
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Graskop: Panorama Rest Camp; On vertical earth wall at stream, near tree fern.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0790919-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 2931 | 1993-3-
South Africa, Mpumalanga, On R537 to White River; 9 km S of Sabie, 0,5 km N of Spitskop Store. Approx. 1km from road. Small streamlet at left hand side.
General notes: On earth bank, just above water level. Det: S.M. Perold
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571591-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4750 | 2001-6-6
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Graskop District. Mac Mac Pools; small stream near swimming pool.
General notes: On earth bank.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571671-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4374 | 2000-1-23
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Mac Mac Pools, near Graskop.
General notes: At small side stream running into pool, on soil bank.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0790917-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 3050 | 1993-9-19
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Mac Mac Pools.
General notes: Under ledge in stream, on vertical, protected earth bank, just above water level.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0837408-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4068 | 1998-6-17
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Graskop: Panorama Rest Camp; At top of escarpment, above rocky river bed, on earth wall.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0837401-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4010 | 1998-4-28
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Graskop Environmental Centre: Indigenous forest close by; On mud at overflow from stream.
General notes: + Symphyogyna brasiliensis
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571670-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4369 | 2000-1-23
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Mac Mac Pools, near Graskop.
General notes: On vertical stream bank, on soil.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571658-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4380 | 2000-3-19
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Mac Mac Pools, near Graskop, along Secretary Bird Walk.
General notes: In small stream near tall tree fern.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0582414-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4723 | 2001-5-28
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Graskop District: Mac Mac Pools, small stream near swimming pool.
General notes: On earth bank
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571615-0 Collector(s) & number: Koekemoer, M, 2248 | 2002-2-19
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve. South of Lydenburg. Stream bank below research cottage.
General notes: Grassland. River/stream bank. Rocky soil. Moist/damp. Slope: gentle. Bryophyte.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571610-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4746 | 2001-6-6
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Along Long Tom Pass, between Lydenburg and Sabie, near 'Staircase'.
General notes: Down slope, in gulley, at streamlet.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0837405-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4007 | 1998-4-28
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Graskop Environmental Centre: Indigenous forest close by; on stream bank.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0571592-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 4773 | 2001-10-3
South Africa, Mpumalanga, Mac Mac Pools, along stream down hill.
General notes: On vertical stream bank; on soil.
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
Barcode: PRE0790918-0 Collector(s) & number: Perold, SM, 2923 | 1992-10-11
South Africa, Mpumalanga, On R537 road from Sabie to White River; 9 km S of Sabie & 0,5 km N of Spitskop Store; At streamlet on left of road.
General notes: On vertical soil bank. Det: S.M. Perold
Data Resource: BODATSA View record
This map contains point-based occurrences at different locations
2004
1996
1993
PERIODICAL/JOURNAL
The hepatic, Jensenia spinosa (= Pallavicinia stephanii: Pallaviciniaceae). in southern Africa Perold, SMBothalia 23(2)223-229
1986
No results found for Jensenia spinosa (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Grolle
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