Herbs or suffrutescent, twining or scrambling perennials
Leaves
opposite, subsessile or petiolate, frequently cordate or sagittate at base
Capitula
discoid, 4-flowered, in spikes, racemes or corymbs and often panicled
Involucre
cylindric; bracts 4 or 5, in 1 row, linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sometimes glandular-hairy
Receptacle
small, naked
Corolla
white; tube cylindric below, sometimes dilated at base; lobes 5, short, ovate
Anthers
linear, obtuse at base; with ovate, membranous, apical appendage
Style
with branches elongate, clavellate or filiform
Cypselas
pentagonal, prismatic or tapering downward
Pappus
of many scabrid bristles
x = 9 (7, 10, 17, 19) (aneuploids, high polyploidy, B-chromosomes)
Nomenclature:
Mikania
Willd.
Willdenow: 1742 (1803)
Harvey: 58 (1865)
Merxmüller: 111 (1967)
Hilliard: 54 (1977)
Holmes: 213 (1982)
King & Robinson: 419 (1987)
Bremer et al.: 647 (1994)
Distribution & Notes:
Global
: Species ± 430, pantropical
Southern Africa
: Species 3, occurring in N Namibia, Botswana, Northern Province, Mpumalanga, Swaziland, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape
References:
BREMER, K., ANDERBERG, A.A., KARIS, P.O. & LUNDBERG, J. 1994. Tribe
Eupatorieae
. In K. Bremer,
Asteraceae
, cladistics & classification
. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon
HARVEY, W.H. 1865.
Compositae
.
Flora capensis
3
HILLIARD, O.M. 1977.
Compositae
in Natal
. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg
HOLMES, W.C. 1982. Revision of the Old World
Mikania
(
Compositae
).
Botanische Jahrbücher
103
KING, R.M. & ROBINSON, H. 1987. The genera of the
Eupatorieae
(
Asteraceae
).
Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden
22
MERXMÜLLER, H. 1967.
Asteraceae
.
Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika
139
WILLDENOW, C.L. 1803.
Species plantarum
3. Nauk, Berlin
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