Stem
simple below, branching above into large open panicle
Leaves
alternate, sessile, simple, elliptic or ovate in outline, deeply bipinnatisect, margins entire
Capitula
radiate, small, in terminal panicles
Involucre
campanulate or hemisherical; bracts in 2 or 3 rows, imbricate, outer somewhat smaller than inner
Receptacle
convex, paleate
Ray florets
female, fertile; small; corolla white, suborbicular
Style
bifid; branches linear-lanceolate, obtuse
Cypselas
compressed, keeled, crowned with persistent corolla, surrounded by inner involucral bract and 2 lateral, concave, receptacular paleae; pappus of 2 recurved awns, forming apparent margin to cypselas, but free from them, hidden by the 2 receptacular paleae to which they are attached at base
x = 9, 17 (6, 8, 29) (aneuploids, high polyploidy, B-chromosomes)
Nomenclature:
*Parthenium
L.
Linnaeus: 988 (1753)
Linnaeus: 426 (1754)
Wild: 8 (1967)
Hilliard: 294 (1977)
Karis & Ryding: 622 (1994)
Distribution & Notes:
Global
: Species 16, North and Central America, northern South America, West Indies
Southern Africa
: *
Parthenium hysterophorus
L., a widespread weed, is naturalised in parts: Northern Province, Mpumalanga, Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal
References:
HILLIARD, O.M. 1977.
Compositae
in Natal
. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg
KARIS, P.O. & RYDING, O. 1994. Tribes
Helenieae
and
Heliantheae
. In K. Bremer,
Asteraceae
, cladistics and classification
. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon
LINNAEUS, C. VON. 1753.
Species plantarum
. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm
LINNAEUS, C. VON. 1754.
Genera plantarum
, edn 5. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm
WILD, H. 1967. The
Compositae
of the Flora zambesiaca area, 1.
Kirkia
6
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