e-Key v<span id="jodit_selection_marker_1709020658213_3754360404823298" data-jodit_selection_marker="start" style="line-height: 0; display: none;"></span>3 - *Cymba<span id="jodit_selection_marker_1709020658213_281287914946603" data-jodit_selection_marker="end" style="line-height: 0; display: none;"></span>laria
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Interactive keys to the identification of seed plants of southern Africa using keys based on plant morphology.

Scrophulariaceae - Scrophularioideae - Antirrhineae - *Cymbalaria Hill

Description:

  • Herbs, usually short-lived perennials but sometimes annuals, glabrous to villous; stems procumbent to decumbent
  • Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, reniform to orbicular, lobed or rarely entire, palmately veined, long-petiolate
  • Flowers irregular, pedicellate, solitary in leaf axils
  • Calyx deeply 5-lobed; lobes entire, valvate, thickened, unequal, with posterior lobe exceeding others, shorter than corolla tube
  • Corolla tubular, bilabiate; tube cylindrical with spur on anterior side of base; lips ± equal, posterior lip patent, exterior in bud, anterior lip spreading with prominent basal palate occluding mouth of tube; lobes entire
  • Stamens 4, didynamous, included, adjacent pairs of anthers marginally coherent; staminode minute
  • Ovary equally bilocular, septum erect, straight; style undivided, erect; stigma scarcely clavate, entire
  • Fruit a ± globose capsule, walls papery, usually many-seeded, dehiscing by several irregular, meridional fissures, from apex ± to base
  • Seeds broadly ellipsoid to globose, cristate or with some tubercles, ridges usually prominent; hilum subbasal
  • x = 7 (6) (aneuploids, high polyploidy)

Nomenclature:

  • *Cymbalaria Hill
    • Hill: 113 (1756)
    • Martin & Noel: 96 (1960)
    • Webb: 236 (1972)
    • Wells et al.: 183 (1986)
    • Sutton: 158, microfiche: 102 (1988)

Distribution & Notes:

  • Global: Species 9, mainly Western Europe, Mediterranean to Iran
  • Southern Africa: Species 1: *Cymbalaria muralis P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb. is cultivated and naturalised, or a sporadic adventive elsewhere in temperate regions; recorded in Gauteng (Pretoria), Western Cape (Stellenbosch) and Eastern Cape (Albany) as garden escape

References:

  • HILL, J. 1756. The British herbal. T. Osborne & J. Shipton, London
  • MARTIN, A.R.H. & NOEL, A.R.A. 1960. Scrophulariaceae. The flora of Albany and Bathurst. Rhodes University, Grahamstown
  • SUTTON, D.A. 1988. A revision of the tribe Antirrhineae: 158, microfiche. British Museum (Natural History), London
  • WEBB, D.A. 1972. Scrophulariaceae. Flora europaea 3
  • WELLS, M.J., BALSINHAS, A.A., JOFFE, H., ENGELBRECHT, V.M., HARDING, G. & STIRTON, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 53

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