e-Key v3 - Key to Anthemideae Genera
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Interactive keys to the identification of seed plants of southern Africa using keys based on plant morphology.
  • Key to the genera of the tribe Anthemideae after Bremer & Humphries: 84 (1993)
Backtrack a
  • Receptacle distinctly paleate with paleae subtending florets
002
b
  • Receptacle completely epaleate (though sometimes pilose or hirsute) or capitula few-flowered and presence of paleae unclear
002
Backtrack a
  • Capitula radiate
002
b
  • Capitula discoid or disciform
002
Backtrack a
  • Rays yellow, rarely abaxially reddish
002
b
  • Rays white or rarely pink to reddish on both sides
002
Backtrack a
  • Involucral bracts in 5-7 rows
Ursinia
b
  • Involucral bracts in 1 row
Eriocephalus
Backtrack a
  • Pappus of 5 (rarely 8-10) large obovate scales and sometimes 5 additional subulate scales
Ursinia
b
  • Pappus a shallow corona, an auricle or of small scales or 0
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas copiously villous
002
b
  • Cypselas glabrous, sometimes glandular or papillose
002
Backtrack a
  • Involucral bracts in 2-4 rows
Lasiospermum
b
  • Involucral bracts in 1 row
Eriocephalus
Backtrack a
  • Shrubs with opposite leaves (leaves alternate in Eumorphia davyi )
  • Cypselas with 10 or more ribs
Eumorphia
b
  • Herbs or rarely shrubs with alternate leaves (rarely with some leaves opposite basally on stem)
  • Cypselas various
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened and with 2 lateral ribs but no wings
* Achillea
b
  • Cypselas various, sometimes dorsiventrally flattened but then rhombic in cross-section and without 2 lateral ribs and not or only narrowly winged
002
Backtrack a
  • Leaves serrate-dentate, rarely pinnatifid or entire
  • Anthers caudate
Osmitopsis
b
  • Leaves pinnatisect to variously lobed
  • Anthers not caudate
* Anthemis
Backtrack a
  • Pappus present, of scales, an auricle or a corona
002
b
  • Pappus 0 but cypselas sometimes apically with obtuse rim (rarely with pseudopappus of bristle-like stalked glands in Athanasia )
002
Backtrack a
  • Pappus of 5 (rarely 8-10) large obovate scales and sometimes 5 additional subulate scales
Ursinia
b
  • Pappus a shallow corona, an auricle or of small scales
002
Backtrack a
  • Capitula narrowly oblong-obconical, slender and few-flowered
  • Indumentum of stellate hairs
Hymenolepis
b
  • Capitula rather widely urceolate to cyathiform-campanulate
  • Indumentum of simple or bifid hairs
Inulanthera
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas glabrous, sometimes glandular
Athanasia
b
  • Cypselas copiously villous
002
Backtrack a
  • Involucral bracts in 2-4 rows
Lasiospermum
b
  • Involucral bracts in 1 row
Eriocephalus
Backtrack a
  • Capitula radiate
002
b
  • Capitula discoid or disciform
002
Backtrack a
  • Rays yellow, rarely partly white or reddish or abaxially reddish
002
b
  • Rays white, rarely pink to reddish, bluish violet or creamy orange, but not yellow
002
Backtrack a
  • Pappus present in ray or disc cypselas or generally in all cypselas, of scales, an auricle or a corona
002
b
  • Pappus 0 but cypselas sometimes apically with obtuse rim
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened and with 2 lateral broad wings, annual herbs with entire, fleshy leaves
Adenoglossa
b
  • Cypselas oblong, 4-angled, perennial herbs, leaves not fleshy
Inezia
Backtrack a
  • Ray cypselas triquetrous, winged
  • Disc cypselas prismatic with narrow adaxial wing or terete and apparently ribbed
* Chrysanthemum
b
  • Cypselas all equal, oblong or obovoid, without wings or dorsiventrally flattened and laterally winged
002
Backtrack a
  • Disc corolla 4-lobed
  • Rays not true ray florets but outer disc florets with 1 corolla lobe expanded to a limb
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened
Cotula
b
  • Disc corolla 5-lobed
  • Rays true ray florets with apically 3-lobed laminas
  • Cypselas oblong or obovoid, ribbed
* Leucanthemum
Backtrack a
  • Pappus present at least in ray cypselas, of scales, an auricle or a corona (sometimes almost absent in Tanacetum but cypselas then apically with acute rim)
002
b
  • Pappus 0 but cypselas sometimes apically with obtuse rim (mainly abaxial and somewhat toothed in Oncosiphon )
002
Backtrack a
  • Annual herbs
Foveolina
b
  • More or less suffruticose perennials, shrublets or shrubs
002
Backtrack a
  • More or less suffruticose perennials
* Tanacetum
b
  • Woody shrubs or shrublets
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened and laterally winged
Leucoptera
b
  • Cypselas ± terete, not winged
Cymbopappus
Backtrack a
  • Disc corolla 4-lobed
002
b
  • Disc corolla 5-lobed
002
Backtrack a
  • Leaves entire, lanceolate to linear
Thaminophyllum
b
  • Leaves variously lobed or pinnatisect, not entire
002
Backtrack a
  • Disc corolla tube very much swollen and brittle
Oncosiphon
b
  • Disc corolla tube not or only slightly swollen
002
Backtrack a
  • Leaves with few, oblong to rounded, apically mucronate lobes
  • Receptacle pilose
Lidbeckia
b
  • Leaves variously pinnatisect
  • Receptacle glabrous
002
Backtrack a
  • Shrubs
  • Cypselas subglobose with 2 or 3 adaxial faint ribs
Hilliardia
b
  • Herbs
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened
002
Backtrack a
  • Rays not true ray florets but outer disc florets with 1 corolla lobe expanded to a limb, ray florets and cypselas stalked
Cotula
b
  • Rays true ray florets with apically 3-lobed or entire lamina, ray florets and cypselas sessile
Inezia
Backtrack a
  • Leaves opposite
Eumorphia
b
  • Leaves alternate
002
Backtrack a
  • Disc corolla tube confluent with cypsela
  • Cypsela ribs with resin ducts
  • Leaves serrate
Adenanthellum
b
  • Disc corolla tube not confluent with cypsela
  • Cypsela ribs without resin ducts
  • Leaves entire or few-lobed
Phymaspermum
Backtrack a
  • Pappus present, of scales, an auricle or a corona
002
b
  • Pappus 0 but cypselas sometimes apically with obtuse rim (mainly abaxial and somewhat toothed in Oncosiphon ; rarely with pseudopappus of bristle-like stalked glands in Athanasia )
002
Backtrack a
  • Annual herbs
002
b
  • Perennial herbs or often subshrubs, shrublets or shrubs
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypsela wall and pappus white and spongy, abaxially thin
Foveolina
b
  • Cypsela wall not white and spongy, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral ± thick ribs
  • Pappus a stiff corona covered with myxogenic cells
Myxopappus
Backtrack a
  • Capitula closely aggregated at stems
  • Leaves small, ericoid, entire or occasionally few-lobed
  • Pappus of 7-10 oblong, adaxially longer scales
Marasmodes
b
  • Capitula solitary or laxly to densely corymbose
  • Leaves and pappus various
002
Backtrack a
  • Capitula narrowly oblong-obconical, slender and few-flowered
  • Pubescent shrubs
  • Indumentum of stellate hairs
Hymenolepis
b
  • Capitula generally urceolate to cyathiform or campanulate
  • Habit various
  • Indumentum if present of simple or bifid hairs
002
Backtrack a
  • Shrubs with corymbose capitula and pinnatisect leaves
  • Cypselas 8-10-ribbed
  • Pappus of small scales projecting from cypsela ribs
Inulanthera
b
  • Shrubs with ± ericoid leaves
  • Pappus of scales not distinctly projecting from cypsela ribs, a corona or an auricle
Pentzia
Backtrack a
  • Leaves opposite
  • Shrubs with sessile or corymbose capitula
002
b
  • Leaves alternate, rarely opposite but then habit or capitula different
002
Backtrack a
  • Leaves entire
  • Capitula sessile
Athanasia
b
  • Leaves pinnatifid
  • Capitula corymbose
Gymnopentzia
Backtrack a
  • Capitula in elongated and paniculate, rarely racemiform or spiciform synflorescences, often small and many
Artemisia
b
  • Capitula solitary or in lax to dense corymbs, small to medium-sized
002
Backtrack a
  • Central floret corolla 4-lobed (rarely 3-lobed in Cotula )
002
b
  • Central floret corolla 5-lobed
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened with 2 lateral ± distinct ribs or wings
002
b
  • Cypselas not or only slightly dorsiventrally flattened without or with 3-5 ribs and no wings
002
Backtrack a
  • Shrublets or subshrubs with corymbose or occasionally solitary capitula
Schistostephium
b
  • Annual or perennial herbs with solitary capitula, rarely few together
002
Backtrack a
  • Capitula sessile
  • Outer female florets without corolla
  • Style persistent and spinescent in fruit
* Soliva
b
  • Capitula ± pedunculate
  • Outer female florets with corolla
  • Style not persistent
Cotula
Backtrack a
  • Disc corolla tube very much swollen and brittle
Oncosiphon
b
  • Disc corolla tube not or only slightly swollen
  • Cypsela wall either white and spongy with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral weak ribs, abaxially thin or cypselas almost terete and thin-walled all around
Foveolina
Backtrack a
  • Annual herbs
Foveolina
b
  • Perennial herbs or often subshrubs, shrublets or shrubs
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas dorsiventrally flattened, with or without lateral wings
Hippia
b
  • Cypselas not dorsiventrally flattened, not winged
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypsela ribs acute, with secretory cavities
  • Corolla gradually expanded and funnel-shaped
Athanasia
b
  • Cypselas without ribs or ribs faint or rounded, without secretory cavities
  • Corolla ± distinctly divided into tube and limb
002
Backtrack a
  • Cypselas 10-18-ribbed
Phymaspermum
b
  • Cypselas with 0 or fewer than 10 ribs
002
Backtrack a
  • Corolla lobes cucullate
  • Anthers shortly calcarate
  • Involucral bracts in 3(4) rows, inner row smaller than outer 2 and membranous
Rennera
b
  • Corolla lobes not cucullate
  • Anthers ecalcarate
  • Involucral bracts in 3-5 rows
Pentzia

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